Adıyaman Grand Mosque is one of the significant examples of Turkish-Islamic architecture in Anatolia. The mosque was built between 1506 and 1515 by Durak Bey, the son of Alaüddevle Bozkurt, the last ruler of the Dulkadirids. Located in the city center of Adıyaman, this structure incorporates architectural elements from both the Ottoman and Dulkadirid periods, featuring a unique design and decorative scheme.

^{Adıyaman Grand Mosque (source: Kültür Portalı})

Historical and Architectural Features

Adıyaman Grand Mosque has undergone numerous repairs and renovations throughout history. It was initially constructed between 1506 and 1515 by Durak Bey, son of Alaüddevle Bozkurt, the last ruler of the Dulkadirid Beylik. However, due to various reasons, the mosque fell into disrepair and was rebuilt in the 19th century. According to the inscription on the eastern entrance, the mosque was restored in 1832-1833. In 1895-1896, the mosque and its minaret were repaired again by Kolağası Mustafa Ağa.

General Structure and Layout

Adıyaman Grand Mosque reflects elements from both Ottoman and Dulkadirid architecture, showcasing the distinctive features of classical Ottoman mosque design. The prayer hall is covered by a central dome resting on four octagonal piers. Supporting the central dome are four semi-domes that provide a sense of spaciousness and openness to the interior. Additionally, small domes at each corner complement the half-domes, presenting a layout commonly seen in classical Ottoman architecture.

On the northern facade, there is a portico with six cross-vaults arranged symmetrically. These vaults underwent partial modifications during the 19th-century renovation. The mosque has three main entrances located on the eastern, western, and northern facades, notable for their intricate wooden craftsmanship. In the northeastern corner of the mosque stands a single-balcony minaret with a square base and cylindrical body, featuring elements characteristic of Seljuk architecture that harmonize with the mosque's overall aesthetic.

Ornate Wooden Doors

The entrances on the eastern and northern facades of the mosque exhibit the exquisite details of Turkish wooden craftsmanship. The walnut wood doors were restructured in the late 19th century. Each door consists of three panels, adorned with geometric patterns, floral motifs, and inscriptions. One of the most striking decorative elements is the use of S- and C-shaped curves, which reflect the Baroque and Rococo influences that became prevalent in Turkish woodwork from the late 18th century onwards.

An inscription on the eastern door indicates that it was crafted in 1900 by a master named Bahâytarzade Ömer el-Şehir oğlu Mustafa. According to inscriptions on the northern door, it was made between 1900 and 1902 by Hacı Mehmet of Şambayat. The decorations on the doors prominently feature rumi and palmette motifs. Additionally, the aesthetically designed iron door knockers, made using casting techniques, serve both functional and decorative purposes.

^{Adıyaman Grand Mosque (Source: Kültür Portalı)}

Architectural Style and Period Influences

The architecture of Adıyaman Grand Mosque reflects the influences of the Westernization period in Turkish architecture. The naturalistic and anti-naturalistic plant motifs used in the decorations align with the artistic approach of the era. The geometric patterns and inscriptions on the door panels were crafted using a high-relief technique, showcasing intricate craftsmanship. These elements position the mosque as one of the late-period examples of Ottoman woodwork, holding significant artistic value.

Effects of Earthquakes

Throughout history, Adıyaman Grand Mosque has been affected by natural disasters. It sustained severe damage during the 2023 earthquakes centered in Kahramanmaraş, when an adjacent building collapsed onto the mosque, causing extensive destruction. However, due to the mosque’s historical and architectural significance, the General Directorate of Foundations has initiated restoration efforts aimed at preserving its original characteristics. The restoration process utilizes materials and techniques consistent with the mosque’s historical elements to ensure its faithful reconstruction.

^{Adıyaman Grand Mosque (Source: AA)}