Located east of Erzurum, the Aziziye Fortifications are strategically important defense structures built by the Ottoman Empire in the second half of the 19th century. Built to ensure the security of the city and its surroundings, these fortifications went down in history, especially for their resistance during the 1877-1878 Ottoman-Russian War (93 War). Today, the Aziziye Fortifications are visited as both a historical heritage site and an open-air museum.

^{Aziziye Fortification - Erzurum Governorship}

History

In the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire felt the need to strengthen its eastern borders in the face of the Russian Empire's southward expansion policy. To this end, it was decided to build a series of fortifications around Erzurum. The Aziziye Fortifications formed an important part of this defense line. Construction of the fortifications began in 1872 and was completed quickly. Named after Sultan Abdülaziz, the fortifications, due to their location, assumed the task of protecting Erzurum from attacks from the east.

Architectural Features

The Aziziye Fortifications were built of durable stone, in accordance with the military architecture of the time. They have positions designed to house artillery batteries, barracks for soldiers, and ammunition depots. The terrain was considered in the planning of the fortifications, and care was taken to build them in a position dominating strategic points. Generally positioned close to each other, the fortifications were designed to provide mutual fire support.

^{A view from the top of the structure - Erzurum Governorship}

The use of local stones in the construction of the fortifications also ensured harmony with the natural environment. In addition, some fortifications have additional structures such as food and water depots, ensuring preparedness for a prolonged siege. These depots were critical to the sustainability of the defense.

Role in the 93 War

The best-known feature of the Aziziye Fortifications is the heroic resistance they showed during the 93 War. Upon the advance of the Russian army towards Erzurum in 1877, the fortifications became the key point of the Ottoman defense. The clashes experienced on the night of November 8-9, 1877, particularly highlighted the sacrifice of the fortifications and the soldiers stationed there. Against an unexpected attack by Russian soldiers, the soldiers and Erzurum civilians on duty at the fortifications showed great resistance with the means at their disposal.

The heroism of Nene Hatun stood out in this resistance and played an important role in the defense of the fortifications. This defense, in which women and children also participated, went down in history not only as a military success but also as an example of national solidarity. This struggle at the Aziziye Fortifications boosted the morale of the Ottoman army and halted the Russian advance for a time.

^{Nene Hatun Monument - Erzurum Governorship}

Present Day Status

Today, the Aziziye Fortifications are one of Erzurum's important historical sites. Restored and opened to visitors, the fortifications attract attention with their structure reflecting the resistance during the 93 War and the military architecture of the period. Inside the fortifications, there is also a museum displaying various objects and documents from the war period. In addition, the Nene Hatun Monument is located in the area where the fortifications are located.

During the restoration of the fortifications, care was taken to preserve the original architectural texture and allow visitors to better feel the historical atmosphere. Serving as an open-air museum, the fortifications contain museum exhibits, recreation areas, and information panels. These arrangements enrich the visitor experience and provide a better understanding of the historical importance of the fortifications.

Strategic Location

The Aziziye Fortifications were built as part of the Ottoman Empire's strategy to strengthen its eastern borders.

The main purpose of building the fortifications was to stop the southward advance of the Russian Empire and to protect the city of Erzurum from possible attacks from the east. Built from a strategic perspective, the fortifications played a critical role in the defense of the region.

The Aziziye Fortifications are located on a strategic hill east of Erzurum's city center. This dominant location provided the fortifications with a wide field of vision and facilitated control of the surrounding terrain. This strategic placement of the fortifications significantly increased their defensive power.