Fergani Space Technologies Information Industry and Trade Inc. is a space technologies company founded in 2022 under the leadership of Selçuk Bayraktar. Fergani operates in the space industry with satellites produced for commercial purposes, the components and payloads used on these satellites, and Orbit Transfer Vehicles (OTVs) developed with proprietary propulsion technologies.
On January 15, 2025, Fergani Space's first test satellite, the FGN-d-101 satellite was launched into space (Fergani Space)
Vision and Mission
Fergani’s vision is defined as “Expanding the horizon of all humanity in New Space.”
Its mission is to become a global leader by producing sustainable and cost-effective solutions in space transportation and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite services through innovative and original technologies it develops.
Projects
Fergani Space is pursuing two core projects:
- A low-Earth-orbit constellation providing global positioning services, and
- An Orbit Transfer Vehicle (OTV) designed to carry satellites in low orbit to their target orbits.
These projects aim at deploying a constellation of satellites into low Earth orbit and transporting satellites positioned in low orbit to their designated operational orbits.
Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Constellation Project
With its newly developed low-orbit satellite constellation architecture, Fergani Space aims to provide multi-band communication and positioning services with global coverage.【1】
The company continues its work on operating platforms, equipment, and payloads under orbital conditions within this scope. In response to the growing demand for satellite services, Fergani is focusing on low-cost and highly efficient constellation solutions, an approach based on the coordinated operation of multiple small satellites rather than a single large one. This model allows the system capacity to be scaled in a flexible manner.
Micro-Satellite Characteristics
The features of the micro-satellite constellation that the company has deployed into low Earth orbit are as follows:【2】
- Weight: in the 100 kg class
- Altitude: to operate in the 500–600 km range
- Payloads: to support various missions such as communication and geolocation
- Communication Bands: global coverage in Ku, Ka, S, and L bands
- Ground Segment: ground segment infrastructure enabling tracking, management, and communication of the satellite constellation will also be established by Fergani
- Applications: beyond geolocation, it aims to provide innovative solutions for global needs in maritime, aviation, Internet of Things (IoT), meteorology, and logistics
Uluğ Bey Global Positioning System
The Uluğ Bey Global Positioning System is a positioning project based on low-orbit satellite constellations developed entirely with domestic engineering capabilities by Fergani Space. Once completed, the system aims to establish a national navigation and timing network capable of operating independently of foreign GNSS architectures. With the implementation of the Uluğ Bey Positioning System, Türkiye aims to become the fifth country to develop its own global positioning system,【3】 following the United States, Russia, China, and the European Union.
The main objective of the project is to create a satellite constellation of over 100 satellites within five years and to make the system operational both in Türkiye and in friendly and partner countries.
FGN-100-d1
The FGN-100-d1 satellite is the first component of the Positioning Constellation Program carried out by Fergani Space and represents the largest satellite developed by a private-sector initiative in Türkiye. Weighing approximately 102 kg, the satellite is the outcome of a development program in which national engineering capabilities were used in all phases, including integration of mission-critical avionics, a triple-redundant flight computer architecture, domestic software infrastructure, a green-propulsion motor system, structural analyses, and environmental testing.
FGN-100-d1 was launched on 14 January 2025 at 22:09 Turkish time from the Vandenberg Space Force Base in the United States via the Transporter-12 rideshare mission, and separated into its target orbit approximately 62 minutes after the launch. The satellite is positioned in a Sun-Synchronous Orbit (SSO) at an altitude of approximately 510 km, moving at around 7.6 km/s, completing about 15 orbital revolutions per day.【4】
FGN-100-d1 Satellite Specifications (AA) FGN-100-d1 Satellite (Fergani Space)
Telemetry received after separation indicated that the platform successfully initiated its orbital operations. The mission profile of the satellite is built upon verifying the positioning, telemetry-telecommand system, testing the communication capabilities of payloads, and evaluating on-orbit operational stability, as required by the low-orbit constellation architecture. These functions elevate FGN-100-d1 beyond a mere technology demonstrator, turning it into a structural element of the future system architecture, planned to form a 100-satellite constellation under the name Uluğ Bey Global Positioning System within the next five years. The aim of this system is to provide Türkiye and friendly regions with access to a high-precision, independent navigation and timing infrastructure.
FGN-100-d2
The FGN-100-d2 satellite constitutes the second phase of the low-orbit constellation design carried out within the Positioning Constellation Program. FGN-100-d2 features a mass of 104 kg, national avionics infrastructure, a triple-redundant flight computer architecture, and a green-propulsion motor system.
FGN-100-d2 was launched on 2 November 2025 at 08:09 Turkish time from the Cape Canaveral SLC-40 launch facility as part of the Bandwagon-4 mission, and reached its target approximately 74 minutes after launch, transitioning into its operational configuration in low Earth orbit.
Positioned at an altitude of ~510 km, the platform travels at 7.6 km/s, completing around 15 orbits per day, thereby meeting the high refresh-rate data transfer and positioning verification parameters required by the constellation. Telemetry received after separation indicates that the flight computer, power distribution unit, communication subsystem, and attitude control components transitioned into their nominal operational mode, thereby confirming the orbital stability and readiness of FGN-100-d2.
FGN-100-d2 (Fergani Space)
Orbit Transfer Vehicle (OTV) Project
Fergani is developing an Orbit Transfer Vehicle (OTV) using domestic hybrid rocket propulsion technology to provide a highly efficient and cost-effective solution that maximizes orbital transfer capability.
Importance and Function
Traditional launch systems carry tons of payload into predefined orbits.
However, satellite operators’ target orbits do not always match these launch plans.
In such cases, operators must either wait for a compatible launch window or conduct a custom launch at high cost, both of which result in time loss and increased expense.
Fergani’s OTV solution eliminates this problem by providing flexibility:
operators can participate as secondary payloads in launch programs compatible with their schedules and reach their target orbits after arriving in space thanks to the OTV.
Technological Features
Fergani uses indigenous hybrid rocket propulsion technology to maximize the orbital transfer capability of the OTV.
This innovative and cost-effective solution increases in-space maneuverability, enhancing the operational efficiency of satellites.
- Time and Cost Savings: Enables faster and more economical access to target orbits
- Operational Flexibility: Ability to adapt to different launch programs
- Increased Efficiency: Plays an active role in all maneuvers required throughout a satellite’s operational life
FGN-TUG-S01 Orbit Transfer Vehicle
On 28 November 2025, Türkiye’s first Orbit Transfer Vehicle, FGN-TUG-S01, developed entirely with national capabilities by Fergani Space Technologies, was successfully launched from the US Vandenberg Space Force Base aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 Transporter-15 rocket. The vehicle separated from the rocket approximately 81 minutes after launch, transmitted its first telemetry, and began its mission in space.【5】
FGN-TUG-S01 (Fergani Space)
FGN-TUG-S01 is equipped with the world’s first hybrid rocket motor to be ignited in orbit, and will conduct its planned hybrid motor ignition after reaching its mission orbit. This system will enable satellites to be transferred to different orbits and extend their operational lifetimes.
The vehicle, including its flight computer, avionics, power distribution, and thermal control systems, is a platform indigenously designed by Fergani engineers. Starting at an altitude of ~500 km, the mission provides an infrastructure capable of carrying Fergani’s satellites to various mission orbits above 1000 km.
The launch was monitored from the control center by Fergani Space CEO Selçuk Bayraktar and his team. Bayraktar stated that the national OTV is a step that will “initiate Türkiye’s maneuvering capability in space.”
Türkiye's First Hybrid-Powered Orbital Transfer Vehicle: FGN-TUG-S01 (Fergani Uzay)
