--- title: Grigori Perelman slug: grigori-perelman-f1f8f url: /detay/grigori-perelman-f1f8f type: biography language: English entity: primary: Grigori Perelman type: biography categories: - name: Math slug: matematik url: /kategori/matematik - name: General Knowledge slug: genel-kultur url: /kategori/genel-kultur tags: - Poincaré Conjecture - Ricci Flow - Perelman - ethics - mathematics author: Esra Ocakverdi created_at: 2025-12-01T11:35:06.152132+03:00 updated_at: 2025-12-01T11:35:06.152147+03:00 image: https://cdn.t3pedia.org/media/uploads/2025/06/19/XkKwSPGrLWKnhi0dRdhSwVHqI3DmVPuL.png --- # Grigori Perelman > He is a Russian mathematician who solved the Poincaré conjecture, one of the great unsolved problems in mathematics. ## KURE Information Cards ### KURE Information Card: Grigori Yakovlevich Perelman ![perelman_2.png](https://cdn.t3pedia.org/media/uploads/2025/06/18/85iL22PhkH0MHOXDbB4pL7dHdnry9bsT.png) | Field | Value | |-------|-------| | Babası | Yakov Perelman | | Annesi | Lubov Lvovna | | Yaş | 59 | | Doğum tarihi | 1966-06-13 | | Place of Birth | Leningrad, Soviet Union (today St. Petersburg, Russia) | ## Article Content **Grigori Yakovlevich Perelman** is a Russian-born mathematician. He is best known for proving the **Poincaré Conjecture**, one of the most important mathematical problems of the 20th century. His proof has secured him an exceptional place in the history of [mathematics](/en/detay/geometry-aab1c/llms.txt). However, Perelman has chosen to distance himself from fame and monetary rewards, becoming a mysterious figure in the public eye. ### **Education and Career** Perelman attracted attention from an early age for his mathematical talents. He received his education at specialized mathematics schools in Leningrad and won a gold medal at the **International Mathematical Olympiad** in 1982. He completed his undergraduate studies at **Leningrad State University** and earned his doctorate at the **Steklov Mathematical Institute**. Throughout his education, Perelman focused on **Riemannian geometry**[^1], **topology**, and **Ricci flow**[^2]. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, he worked for several years as a visiting researcher at various universities in the United States, but declined permanent positions and returned to his homeland. ### **Poincaré Conjecture and Scientific Contributions** Proposed by Henri Poincaré in 1904, the **Poincaré Conjecture** concerned the topological structure of three-dimensional sphere-like surfaces and remained unsolved for over a century. In 2002 and 2003, [Grigori Perelman](/en/detay/grigori-perelman-1a1c9/llms.txt) published three landmark papers addressing this problem. He did not submit them to peer-reviewed journals but instead posted them on the open-access platform arXiv. Perelman built upon and refined the **Ricci flow** method developed by American mathematician [Richard S. Hamilton](/en/detay/richard-feynman-751916/llms.txt) and provided a definitive proof of the [Poincaré Conjecture](/en/detay/riemann-hypothesis-08846/llms.txt). This achievement generated widespread acclaim in the mathematical community; the proof was formally accepted after a collective verification process spanning several years. ### **Awards and Rejected Fame** In 2006, it was decided to award Perelman the **Fields Medal**, the most prestigious honor in mathematics. However, Perelman **declined the award**. In 2010, the **Clay Mathematics Institute** offered him the **Millennium Prize** worth one million dollars for solving the Poincaré Conjecture. Perelman also declined this prize. He cited dissatisfaction with ethical issues and social injustices within the mathematical community as his reasons for refusal. ### **Lifestyle and Personality** Perelman prefers to remain distant from the public eye and the media. Since 2006, he has not attended any scientific conferences, held any academic positions, or given any interviews. ### **Impact and Legacy** Grigori Perelman did more than solve a mathematical problem; he also reignited discussions about the ethics, humility, and purpose of scientific work. His contributions have led to a major advancement in the field of geometric topology and opened up numerous new areas of research. His stance questioning the award system and conventional notions of academic success has ensured his place in the history of science not merely as a solver of problems but as a thinker. ## Academic Sources and References 1. Clay Mathematics Institute. “The Millennium Prize Problems.” Accessed June 19, 2025. https://www.claymath.org/millennium-problems. 2. MacTutor. "Grigori Yakovlevich Perelman." Accessed June 19, 2025. https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Perelman/ 3. Nasar, Sylvia, and David Gruber. “Manifold Destiny: A Legendary Problem and the Battle over Who Solved It.” The New Yorker, August 28, 2006. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/08/28/manifold-destiny. ## Citations [^1]: Riemann geometriği, eğri yüzeyler ve çok boyutlu eğri uzayları inceleyen bir geometri dalıdır. Klasik (Öklidyen) geometriden farklı olarak, düz olmayan (eğri) yüzeylerde mesafe, açı, alan gibi kavramların nasıl tanımlanacağını araştırır. [^2]: Ricci akışı, diferansiyel geometri alanında kullanılan bir matematiksel süreçtir. Bir geometrik şeklin eğriliğini zamanla düzenleyerek daha düzgün bir hale getiren bir denklemdir.