Isparta rose, scientifically known as Rosa damascena Mill., is a rose species identified with the Isparta province located in southwestern Türkiye, known for its high-quality essential oil production. Cultivated with agricultural techniques unique to the Isparta climate, this rose species is a significant part of the region’s cultural identity and economic structure. It was registered with a geographical indication in 2022.

^{Isparta Rose (Türkiye Kültür Portalı)}

Botanical Characteristics

Rosa damascena Mill. is a semi-double flowered species with light pink flowers that bloom in the first weeks of June. Its stem is upright, and its leaves consist of five to seven leaflets. This species stands out with its pleasant and intense fragrance and is particularly preferred for rose oil production.

Historical Background

The origins of rose cultivation in Isparta date back to the late 19th century. Production began in 1888 with rose saplings brought by Müftüzade Gülcü İsmail Efendi from the Kazanlak region of Bulgaria. Since Isparta’s climate and soil are highly suitable for growing this species, it quickly spread throughout the region and became a traditional form of production.

Cultivation and Harvest

The Isparta rose is typically grown at altitudes between 800–1,300 meters, in calcareous and well-drained soils. Rose gardens are maintained starting in March, involving pruning, hoeing, and fertilizing. Rose flowers are hand-picked in the early morning hours. The harvest time is aligned with the hours when the flowers have the most intense fragrance. This practice is important for preserving the quality of the essential oil.

Processing and Usage Areas

The harvested rose flowers are typically processed the same day for the production of rose oil, rose water, rose concrete, and rose absolute. In Isparta, the distillation process is carried out using traditional copper alembics, supported by modern technological systems in industrial facilities.

Main Products

• Rose Oil: Used in the perfume and cosmetics industry. The oil obtained from Isparta roses is known for its high geraniol and citronellol content.
• Rose Water: Widely used in traditional cuisine and skincare products.
• Rose Delight, Rose Jam: In Isparta cuisine, roses are also used in dessert production.

Geographical Indication and Quality

"Isparta Rose" was registered as a product with designation of origin by the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office in 2022. This geographically indicated product is obtained from Rosa damascena Mill. roses grown within the borders of Isparta province. The registration criteria include:

• The product must be light pink,
• It must have a high fragrance profile,
• It must be cultivated only in certain districts (Merkez, Gönen, Keçiborlu, Uluborlu, Yalvaç, Eğirdir, and Atabey).

Economic and Cultural Importance

The rose holds an important place in Isparta’s economy. Many families in the region earn their livelihood through rose cultivation. Rose harvesting is maintained as a traditional production process marked by strong community solidarity. At the same time, with the annual “Rose Festival,” the Isparta rose has become a cultural symbol.

Threats and Conservation

Factors such as climate change, low precipitation, and the shrinking of agricultural lands may pose threats to rose production. Therefore, agricultural support policies and the preservation of traditional knowledge and production methods are of critical importance.