The goblin shark (Mitsukurina owstoni) is a rarely encountered deep-sea species and the sole extant representative of the family Mitsukurinidae. With an evolutionary history spanning approximately 125 million years, it is often described as a "living fossil." This species is especially notable for its unique morphological characteristics. It is recognized by its long, flattened snout and protrusible jaws that can extend forward to capture prey. Typically, the goblin shark measures between 3 and 4 meters in length, but it can occasionally grow up to 6 meters. It inhabits deep waters globally, mainly in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, typically at depths ranging from 100 to 1,200 meters. Due to its rarity and deep-sea habitat, limited information is available about its biology and ecology.

Morphology and Anatomical Features

The goblin shark is distinguished by its physical traits. Its most striking feature is the long, flattened snout equipped with electroreceptors, which play a crucial role in detecting prey. Additionally, its jaws can rapidly protrude forward to seize prey. The teeth are slender and pointed, adapted for capturing small fish and cephalopods.

Jaw Mechanism

The jaw structure of the goblin shark differs from that of other sharks. Its jaws can be rapidly projected forward to grasp prey, preventing escape. This mechanism provides a significant advantage for hunting in deep-sea environments.

Habitat and Distribution

The goblin shark inhabits deep-sea regions worldwide. It is commonly found at depths between 100 and 1,200 meters along continental slopes and submarine canyons. It has been recorded in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, particularly off the coasts of Japan, South Africa, Australia, and Brazil.

Geographical Range

Although the species has a broad distribution globally, detailed knowledge about its range is limited due to its rarity and deep-sea lifestyle. One of the locations where goblin sharks are most frequently observed is the Tokyo Submarine Canyon area in Japan.

Feeding and Behavior

The goblin shark is carnivorous, feeding mainly on small fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans. It uses its electroreceptors on the snout to detect prey and captures it with a rapid jaw thrust.

Hunting Strategy

This species detects prey using the electroreceptors on its snout. Upon locating prey, it extends its jaws forward swiftly to capture it. This rapid action prevents prey from escaping and ensures successful predation.

^{Goblin Shark Hunting (Created by Artificial Intelligence)}

Reproduction and Life Cycle

The goblin shark exhibits an ovoviviparous mode of reproduction. This means that the eggs develop inside the female's body, and the young are born live. Although detailed information on reproduction is limited, the large size attained by female individuals suggests a high reproductive capacity.

Conservation Status

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) currently classifies the goblin shark as a species of “Least Concern.” However, factors such as deep-sea fishing and habitat degradation pose potential threats to the future of this species. Therefore, the conservation of the goblin shark and the sustainability of its habitats are important.