Otlukbeli Lake is a lake located in the Otlukbeli district of Erzincan, Türkiye, formed by a travertine barrier created by mineral waters. The lake has a surface area of approximately 7,500 square meters, a length of 150-160 meters, a width of 30-50 meters, and a depth ranging between 15-20 meters. Situated at an altitude of 1,855-1,885 meters above sea level, it is recognized as the only known travertine barrier lake in the world.
(Otlukbeli Lake - Anadolu Agency)
Formation and Geological Structure
Otlukbeli Lake is a unique geological formation. Unlike other barrier lakes, its formation is not due to karstic processes, but rather the precipitation of minerals from underground waters. The accumulation of calcium, magnesium, and iron-rich mineral waters has created a natural travertine barrier, allowing water to collect and form the lake. This geological structure introduced a previously unidentified lake type to the scientific community.
In 1990, the lake was studied by Prof. Dr. Erdoğan Akkan and Prof. Dr. Metin Tuncel from Ankara University, Faculty of Language, History, and Geography, who determined that it held a unique geological status. Research confirmed that no other lake of this type exists in the world. In 1994, the Erzurum Cultural and Natural Heritage Conservation Board designated the lake as a Natural Site and granted it Natural Monument status.
(Otlukbeli Lake - MK Production)
Physical and Chemical Properties
Otlukbeli Lake is fed by mineral springs, sulfur-rich sources, and small streams. Its water composition contains bicarbonate, sulfate, and chloride anions, along with calcium, magnesium, and iron cations. Due to the ongoing sedimentation process, the lake exhibits a dynamic nature.
Intense sedimentation and deposition are observed in the lake basin. Particularly on the western shore, sedimentary accumulations have formed a delta, leading to a reduction in lake size. As a result of terrestrial influences, the lake's shores are gradually shrinking.
Location and Climate Characteristics
The lake is located approximately 6 kilometers from the Otlukbeli district center and sits along a branch of Sazlar Creek. On 1/100,000-scale maps, it appears only as a small water body, while 1/25,000-scale maps do not include its name.
The region experiences a continental climate, characterized by harsh winters. Snowfall begins in November and continues until April, with temperatures dropping significantly in winter months. The best time to visit the lake is from May to September.
(Otlukbeli Lake - Erzincan Municipality Official Website)
Conservation Status
Since 1994, Otlukbeli Lake has been under protection as a Natural Site. The Erzincan Governorship and Otlukbeli District Governorship have been developing various projects to promote tourism while ensuring the conservation of its geological structure and the sustainability of tourism opportunities.
