Pazaryolu is a district in Türkiye, located in the Erzurum province. Situated northeast of the provincial center, the district stands out with its historical and natural beauties. Due to its proximity to the Black Sea Region, it has also been influenced by the climatic and cultural characteristics of this region.

^{Pazaryolu (Pazaryolu District Governorship)}

History

The history of Pazaryolu and its surroundings dates back to very ancient times. Archaeological research conducted in the region indicates that settlement goes back to the Paleolithic period. In later periods, it remained under the rule of different civilizations such as the Hittites, Urartians, Romans, and Byzantines. After the Battle of Manzikert, during the Turkification process of Anatolia, Turkmen beyliks settled in the region, and over time it became a part of the Ottoman Empire.

During the Ottoman period, the settlement maintained its importance as a lively marketplace due to its location on an important trade route. After the declaration of the Republic, Pazaryolu continued its existence as a sub-district (nahiye) of Erzurum and gained district status in 1990. The district's name comes from the markets established in the past that contributed to the regional economy.

Geography

Pazaryolu is located approximately 110 kilometers northeast of the Erzurum city center. The district is bordered by Yusufeli district of Artvin to the north, Tortum district to the east, Erzurum center to the south, and İspir district to the west. Its surface area is approximately 1,148 square kilometers.

The district's terrain is generally mountainous and rugged. This region, an extension of the North Anatolian Mountains, features high plateaus and deep valleys. Among its main elevations are the Soğanlı Mountains. There are important rivers within the district boundaries. The most significant of these is Tortum Stream, one of the branches of the Çoruh River, which flows into the Black Sea. This waterway and its branches have a significant impact on the region's vegetation and settlements.

^{Pazaryolu (Pazaryolu District Governorship)}

Climate

In Pazaryolu, a transitional climate type prevails between the Black Sea climate and the continental climate. Summers are cool and rainy, while winters are cold and snowy. Snow cover can remain for a long time in high-altitude regions. Spring and autumn seasons are mild and rainy. These climatic features have influenced the diversity of the region's vegetation.

Population

According to the Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) ADNKS 2024 data, the population of Pazaryolu district is 3,786. It has shown a decrease of 125 people compared to the previous year. A large part of the population lives in rural areas. However, a population movement towards the district center has also been observed in recent years.

Economy

Pazaryolu's economy traditionally relies on agriculture and animal husbandry. Major agricultural products include wheat, barley, corn, potatoes, and beans. Fruit growing has also shown development in recent years, with apple and pear production being particularly prominent.

In animal husbandry, cattle and small ruminant breeding are common. The extensive pastures and plateaus have ensured that animal husbandry maintains its importance in the region's economy.

In recent years, beekeeping has also become an important economic activity. The region's rich flora supports the production of high-quality honey.

Tourism is also a potential source of income for the district's economy. Natural beauties, historical structures, and local products support efforts to revive tourism.

Tourism, Culture, and Cuisine

Pazaryolu attracts attention with its natural beauties and historical texture. The plateaus in the district offer suitable areas for trekking and nature walks. Especially during spring and summer, these plateaus, adorned with different shades of green, attract the interest of visitors.

In terms of historical structures, there are mosques and bridges dating back to the Ottoman period. These structures reflect the cultural heritage of the region. Furthermore, local handicrafts are also a part of the district's cultural richness.

Pazaryolu cuisine reflects the interaction of Black Sea and Eastern Anatolian cuisines. In addition to local delicacies such as mıhlama, hıngel, and su böreği, meat dishes and vegetable-based dishes also hold an important place. Especially breakfasts prepared with natural products produced in the region are quite famous. Products like honey and butter are frequently preferred.

^{Çoruh River (Erzurum Governorship)}