Pufferfish (Lagocephalus sceleratus), is a fish species that has gained significant prominence in the Mediterranean ecosystem in recent years. This species is noteworthy both as an invasive species threatening ecological balance and for the risks it poses to human health.

Taxonomy and Morphological Features

The pufferfish is a species belonging to the Tetraodontidae family. With the scientific name Lagocephalus sceleratus, this species was first described by Gmelin in 1789. Its body structure is torpedo-shaped, with a grey-green back and a white belly. A distinct silvery band is present on its sides. Its mouth structure features strong jaws and sharp teeth, allowing it to easily consume hard-shelled organisms. Adult individuals typically reach 50-60 cm in length, while some can grow up to 100 cm.

Habitat and Geographical Distribution

The pufferfish is naturally found in the Indo-Pacific region and the Red Sea. However, with the opening of the Suez Canal, it migrated to the Mediterranean and rapidly spread there. It was first detected in Gökova Bay in 2003. Today, it is observed primarily along Türkiye's southern coasts, as well as in parts of Greece, Cyprus, Israel, and Italy. This rapid spread is attributed to the species' high adaptability and wide tolerance range.

Feeding Habits and Ecological Role

The pufferfish has a generalized feeding strategy. Its diet includes crustaceans, mollusks, small fish, and even individuals of its own species. This broad dietary range helps the species easily adapt to new habitats. Furthermore, its strong jaw structure allows it to consume hard-shelled organisms. With these characteristics, it can affect the food chain in the ecosystems it inhabits and compete with native species.

^{Pufferfish Feeding (Generated by Artificial Intelligence)}

Reproductive Biology

The reproductive period of the Pufferfish generally coincides with late spring and summer months. During this period, females release their planktonic eggs into the water. Larvae that hatch from the eggs transition to benthic life after completing their planktonic stages. High reproductive capacity and rapid growth rate lead to a rapid increase in the species' population.

^{Pufferfish Reproduction (Generated by Artificial Intelligence)}

Toxicity and Effects on Human Health

The pufferfish contains a potent neurotoxin called tetrodotoxin (TTX). This toxin is concentrated particularly in the liver, ovaries, skin, and muscle tissues. TTX can affect the nervous system, leading to respiratory paralysis and death. For this reason, the consumption of pufferfish is banned in many countries. However, cases of poisoning due to accidental consumption have been reported in some regions.

Economic and Ecological Impacts

The spread of the pufferfish in the Mediterranean negatively impacts both the ecological balance and the fishing industry. The species competes with native fish species, reducing their populations. Furthermore, its strong teeth damage fishermen's nets and lines.

Warning: The content provided in this article is for general encyclopedic information purposes only. The information herein should not be used for diagnosis, treatment, or medical guidance. Before making decisions regarding health matters, you must consult a physician or qualified healthcare professional. Neither the article author nor KÜRE Encyclopedia accepts any responsibility for situations that may arise from the use of this information for diagnosis or treatment purposes.