The buttoned houses of Akseki are traditional residences unique to the region, predominantly found in the Akseki and İbradı districts of Antalya Province, Türkiye. These structures are characterized by the combined use of stone and wood, and derive their name from the protruding ends of wooden beams on their façades, which resemble "buttons." As an important example of human-nature harmony within Anatolian vernacular architecture, buttoned houses reflect the region’s cultural and architectural heritage.
Historical Background
The Akseki region has seen continuous settlement throughout history, including during the Roman, Seljuk, and Ottoman periods. Especially in Akseki, the influence of the Teke Turkmens has shaped the traditional cultural structure and is evident in the distinctive residential architecture. The emergence of buttoned houses is the result of local craftsmen’s efforts to develop aesthetic, functional, and earthquake-resistant solutions adapted to the natural conditions.
Architectural Features
Buttoned houses are typically two-storied, with façades that are simple yet functional. Their floor plans are classified into three main types: central hall (orta sofa), inner hall (iç sofa), and outer hall (dış sofa). Roofs are usually gable or hipped and are covered with local materials such as clay tiles or wooden shingles.
The structural system utilizes locally abundant limestone and durable wood species such as juniper (ardıç), cedar (sedir), and "samani" trees. Wooden beams are inserted horizontally into the stone walls and extend outward, creating a button-like appearance on the exterior. The walls are dry-stacked (built without mortar) and reinforced with a surrounding wooden frame system.
The Buttoned Houses of Akseki ( Anadolu Ajansı )
Construction Techniques and Material Use
Stones used in construction are sourced locally, while specific types of wood, such as "katran juniper" and samani, are chosen for their strength and durability. Wood is not only a structural element but also extensively used decoratively in the interior. Carved ceilings, lattice windows, built-in shelving systems, and finely crafted doors contribute to the building’s aesthetic appeal. Traditional woodworking methods minimize the use of nails, highlighting the craftsmanship involved in their construction.
Functional and Cultural Features
Buttoned houses are not merely residential units but also reflect the social life and cultural practices of the region. Spaces like the "sofa" (hall), hearth area, and guest room are designed to support traditional lifestyles. Functional local details, such as the traditional locking mechanism called traka, are also commonly found in these homes.
Preservation Status and Threats
Over time, buttoned houses have deteriorated due to environmental factors, seismic activity, material degradation, abandonment, and neglect. Wooden components are particularly vulnerable to moisture, sunlight, and biological threats such as mold and insects. While some restoration efforts have aimed to preserve their original character, a comprehensive and sustainable conservation policy is still necessary.
Uniqueness and Architectural Significance
The buttoned houses of Akseki stand out within traditional Turkish domestic architecture due to their unique structural system and distinct architectural elements rarely found in other regions of Anatolia. The innovative combination of stone and wood makes these buildings significant both structurally and culturally. Moreover, through the efficient and balanced use of natural resources, they can also be regarded as early examples of environmentally conscious architecture.
