Tortum Waterfall is a natural waterfall located in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Türkiye, within the boundaries of the Uzundere district in Erzurum province. Formed at the point where Lake Tortum flows toward the Tev Valley, the waterfall is one of the highest in the country and attracts attention both for its geological formation and its touristic significance.

^{Tortum Waterfall in Erzurum (Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Culture – Culture Portal)}

Formation and Geographical Location

Tortum Waterfall was formed in the 18th century as a result of a massive landslide that broke off from Mount Kemerlidağ and blocked the Tev Valley, through which the Tortum Stream flows. This landslide also led to the formation of Lake Tortum. As the water from the lake began to flow northward into the valley, it created a waterfall approximately 48 meters in height and 21–22 meters in width. Located at an elevation of about 1,000 meters above sea level, the waterfall lies approximately 95 to 100 kilometers north of Erzurum city center. Administratively, it is currently within the boundaries of the Uzundere district; until 1987, however, it was part of the Tortum district.

Geomorphological Features

Tortum Waterfall flows over highly resistant limestone layers, and at the point where the water cascades down, a natural hollow known as a “plunge pool” has formed. On sunny days, rainbow reflections occur where the water flows, enhancing the site’s visual appeal. These aesthetic features have made the waterfall a prominent destination for nature tourism throughout the year.

^{Tortum Waterfall in Erzurum (Republic of Türkiye Erzurum Governorship)}

Usage and Touristic Function

The area surrounding the waterfall offers visitors natural viewing terraces, walking paths, and picnic spots, attracting significant attention particularly during the spring and summer months. The water flow reaches its peak in May and June, while a reduction in flow is often observed from July onwards. Additionally, there are designated areas in the region where various water sports can be practiced.

Tortum Waterfall has contributed to Türkiye’s electricity supply through a hydroelectric power plant constructed between 1952 and 1960. Although this facility has influenced the waterfall’s water regime, it has also helped preserve its natural appearance.

International Significance and Ranking

Some local sources claim that with its height of 48 meters, the waterfall ranks among the highest in the world, purportedly placing third after Victoria Falls (120 m) and Niagara Falls (51 m). However, this claim is not extensively verified in scientific literature. Nonetheless, Tortum Waterfall is recognized as one of the highest and visually most impressive waterfalls in Türkiye.