A treadmill is an exercise device that enables a person to walk or run in a stationary position, operating either with a motor or manually. This machine, which allows walking and running exercises to be performed indoors, is commonly used in gyms, home settings, and rehabilitation centers. It offers various training options through speed and incline adjustments and contributes to the development of cardiovascular health.

History and Development Process

Although the treadmill is now an indispensable part of modern gyms and rehabilitation centers, it has a dark historical background. In the 19th century, it was used as a form of punishment in English prisons under a system called the “treadwheel.” In this system, prisoners were punished by walking for hours on a rotating drum to produce energy.

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Usage Areas in Clinical Rehabilitation

• The treadmill is widely used in clinical rehabilitation, especially in cases such as stroke, cardiovascular diseases, and pulmonary hypertension. In a study conducted by Chandler et al. (2005), six months of treadmill exercises in chronic stroke patients were found to significantly improve VO₂ max, walking distance, and mobility scores. These types of aerobic exercises contribute to the improvement of motor functions by increasing neuroplasticity.

Cardiopulmonary Effects and Exercise Capacity

In another study conducted on individuals with pulmonary hypertension, a 10-week brisk treadmill walking program significantly increased the 6-minute walking distance and improved quality of life. The same study also reported notable improvements in exercise tolerance, peak workload, and oxygen consumption.

Effects on Physical Performance and Body Composition

Studies comparing outdoor running with treadmill running have shown that both exercise types improve physical fitness. In a study conducted by Dorgo et al. (2022), following a six-week implementation period, both groups achieved similar improvements in fitness and fat ratio; however, outdoor running provided a more protective effect on leg muscle mass.

Psychological Effects and Addictive Behavior

In a study on the psychological effects of treadmill exercises, it was observed that such exercises increased physical fitness and reduced substance craving in cocaine-dependent individuals. De La Garza et al. (2016) revealed that regular weekly treadmill exercises contribute positively to mental health, reduce stress levels, and improve individuals’ quality of life.

Gait Analysis and Technological Innovations

The use of treadmills in gait analysis ensures accurate evaluation of foot strikes. Supakkul (2017) demonstrated that more precise gait analyses could be performed on treadmills using a positional heel marker. This method enables the acquisition of objective data in sports sciences and rehabilitation protocols.