World AIDS Day is an international observance designated to halt the spread of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection, raise awareness about AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome), and provide support to individuals affected by the epidemic. December 1 was chosen as the date to foster a unified societal movement toward this goal.
History
December 1 has been recognized as World AIDS Day since 1988 under the leadership of the World Health Organization (WHO). A red ribbon is used as a symbol of international awareness, signifying acknowledgment of AIDS, efforts to prevent it, and respect for those who have died from the disease.
Purpose and Significance
The primary aim of World AIDS Day is to raise public awareness about HIV/AIDS. The day promotes education on HIV/AIDS, transmission routes, and preventive measures, especially among young people. It also emphasizes providing support to people living with HIV and combating social stigma associated with the disease.
Definition of HIV and AIDS
HIV is a virus that directly damages the immune system. People who are HIV-positive may live for many years without symptoms, yet they can transmit the virus to others. AIDS represents the clinical stage resulting from severe immune system damage caused by HIV infection, where opportunistic infections and tumors may develop in affected individuals.
Modes of Transmission
HIV is primarily transmitted through three main routes. The most common mode is unprotected sexual contact. Infection can also occur through blood or blood products from HIV-positive individuals; in Türkiye, all blood and blood products are screened for HIV prior to use. HIV may also be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. HIV is not spread through casual contact, such as touching, shaking hands, sharing the same space, clothing, kitchen utensils, or insect bites.
Global Spread and Efforts in Türkiye
Since the 1980s, HIV has spread worldwide. From the start of the epidemic to the present, millions of people have been infected with HIV, and AIDS-related deaths remain a significant global health concern. Children are also affected, with new infections occurring annually.
The first HIV case in Türkiye was reported in 1985. In response, Türkiye has implemented various measures and programs to combat HIV/AIDS. Under the General Health Insurance scheme, HIV-positive individuals have access to treatment and medication. Free counseling and testing services are provided to high-risk groups. Awareness is promoted through Voluntary Counseling and Testing Centers, and the "Türkiye HIV/AIDS Control Program (2019–2024)" implements multi-sectoral, human-rights-based strategies. This program addresses HIV not only as a health issue but also as a societal concern involving all sectors, with awareness campaigns, peer education, and information dissemination forming key components.
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