International Romani Language Day is an international day proclaimed by UNESCO in 2015 and is celebrated annually on November 5. The purpose of the day is to ensure the preservation and development of the Romani language and culture, to enhance the social and cultural well-being of the Romani people, and to highlight the importance of all languages. UNESCO views linguistic diversity as a social strength and cultural heritage; by preserving and researching the Romani language, it aims to support intercultural dialogue and cultural rapprochement.

History

International Romani Language Day was proclaimed during the 38th session of the UNESCO General Conference (3–18 November 2015) under Article 4.18. The decision text emphasizes the role of the Romani language in the preservation of human civilization and culture and the importance of linguistic pluralism. The conference highlighted UNESCO’s role in promoting multicultural values by supporting the education, language, and culture of the Romani people. The decision notes that celebrating International Romani Language Day at the international level sends the message that the Romani language represents a rich linguistic and cultural heritage. Member states are also encouraged to provide extrabudgetary funding to promote and celebrate the day.^【1】 

Romani Language and Its Features

The Romani language consists of approximately 30,000–33,000 words and has 17 different dialects. Speakers of these dialects can understand each other. The language has been influenced by various languages such as Sanskrit, Hindi, Persian, Armenian, and Greek. Throughout history, Romani has been shaped by migration and cultural change, offering a rich vocabulary and cultural heritage. Efforts are underway to modernize and standardize the language; however, this process is not yet complete.

Cultural and Educational Significance

According to UNESCO Director-General Audrey Azoulay, language is not merely a means of communication; it is also a repository of knowledge and symbols, a way of seeing and expressing the world, and an indicator of shared identity. The Romani language, with these characteristics, is considered a heritage that carries the experiences, culture, identity, and knowledge of a community. Preserving the Romani language is important for enabling children to receive education in their mother tongue and for transmitting cultural knowledge to future generations.

UNESCO’s Role and Objectives

By proclaiming International Romani Language Day, UNESCO aims to continue supporting the development and research of the Romani language in member states. The day highlights Romani language and culture while emphasizing the importance of linguistic diversity and different perspectives. UNESCO also seeks to combat discrimination and prejudice against the Romani people, support their fundamental rights, and promote social inclusion. The UNESCO-Madanjeet Singh Prize rewards individuals and institutions contributing to the promotion of tolerance and non-violence.