The Amyntas Rock Tombs, carved into the steep rocky slopes in the south of Fethiye, are among the most significant archaeological structures in the Lycian region. Dated to the 4th century BCE, these rock tombs represent both temple-type and civil architecture, reflecting the cultural and artistic heritage of Lycia. Constructed during the Hellenistic period, these monumental tombs provide evidence of the region's historical role as a host to various civilizations over time.
The Amyntas Rock Tombs (https://kulturportali.gov.tr/turkiye/mugla/gezilecekyer/amintas-kaya-mezarlari)
Architectural Structure of the Amyntas Rock Tombs
The most prominent among the rock tombs is the monument known as the "King's Tomb" by the locals, named the Amintas Tomb due to the inscription "Amyntas, Son of Hermapias" carved on its surface. Built in the Ionic order and in the "in antis" type, this structure resembles the façade of a temple with two columns placed between the antae. Carved into the rock, this monumental tomb stands as one of the finest examples reflecting the aesthetic and architectural principles of its time.
The entrance to the burial chamber features a door relief divided into four main panels. Inside, the room has a plain and roughly hewn ceiling, along with three klinai (burial beds). While the other tombs have suffered significant damage due to natural elements and the passage of time, the Amyntas Tomb has remained relatively intact.
Significance of Rock Tombs in Lycian Civilization
Unique to the Lycian region, rock tombs provide valuable insights into the social structure and artistic traditions of their period. These monumental tombs, built for individuals of high status, also showcase the craftsmanship of Lycian wood and metalwork. The detailed carvings imitating wooden architecture offer clues about the construction techniques of the time. For this reason, the Amyntas Tomb and the surrounding rock tombs are considered among the most distinctive examples of Lycian art.
Transformations and Damage Over Time
Throughout history, the Amyntas Rock Tombs have suffered various degrees of destruction. While they were plundered during the Hellenistic period, they also sustained significant physical damage during the Christian era. In addition to natural deterioration, human activities have contributed to the loss of architectural elements, with some columns and reliefs disappearing over time. Despite this, the columns of the Amyntas Tomb, though considerably eroded, have managed to remain standing.
Amyntas Rock Tombs Through the Eyes of Historians and Travelers
During the 18th and 19th centuries, many travelers and researchers visited and documented the ancient city of Telmessos and its rock tombs. The French traveler Charles Texier visited the region in the 1850s, producing drawings of the Amyntas Tomb. To mark his visit and research, he inscribed his name on the upper left corner of the monument. The continued interest of travelers and researchers highlights the significance of the Amyntas Rock Tombs not only as a local heritage site but also as an internationally recognized historical landmark.
As one of the most important historical structures in Fethiye, the Amyntas Rock Tombs remain among the most frequently visited archaeological sites in the region. Visitors reaching the tomb after climbing nearly a hundred carefully carved steps are rewarded with panoramic views of Fethiye and the Mediterranean. The monument’s grandeur, scale, and intricate artistic details provide deeper insight into the aesthetic sensibilities and architectural expertise of the Lycian civilization.
