Electric Field (Engineering)

The Electricity field is defined as a region surrounding electric charges. This field causes a force to arise between charges and is a fundamental concept that explains how one charge influences another. The electric field is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction.

Where:

• E: Electric field (N/C or V/m)
• F: Electric force (N)
• q: Charge (C)

are defined.

The electric force between two charges can be mathematically expressed by the following equation:

Where:

• k: 8.98 × 10⁹, Coulomb’s constant (N·m²/C²)
• q₁, q₂: Charges (C)
• r: Distance between two load (m)

By combining the two equations above, we can express the electric field in terms of charge, assuming the charges are equivalent.

Where:

• k: 8.98 × 10⁹, Coulomb’s constant (N·m²/C²)
• E: Electric field (N/C or V/m)
• q: Charge (C)
• r: Distance between two charges (m)

The electric field originates from positive or negative electric charges:

• Positive charges generate electric field lines pointing outward.
• Negative charges attract electric field lines inward.

The direction of the electric field is from the positive charge toward the negative charge.

^{Electric Field Generated by Positive and Negative Charges}

These are lines used to visualize the electric field. Field lines provide information about the strength and direction of the field. Where the lines are denser, the field is stronger.

^{Electric Field Lines}