Kızılcahamam (District)

Kızılcahamam is a district located in Türkiye’s Central Anatolia Region and is administratively part of Ankara Province. It lies approximately 80 kilometers north of Ankara city center and shares borders with Çerkeş to the north, Atkaracalar to the northeast, Kahramankazan to the east, Ayaş to the south, and Çamlıdere to the west. The district is notable for its rich natural resources, thermal waters, and protected forest areas. With a settlement history dating back to Antiquity, Kızılcahamam is today an important center for both health and nature tourism.

Geography and Climate

Kızılcahamam features a mountainous and rugged terrain, with much of the area covered by forests. Among its prominent natural areas is Soğuksu National Park, known for its endemic plant species, wildlife, and hiking trails. The Kirmir Stream is one of the district’s significant watercourses. The region experiences a continental climate characterized by cold, snowy winters and cool summers. Due to its high elevation, the district enjoys a refreshing climate during the summer months.

History

The district’s history dates back to the Phrygian, Galatian, Roman, and Byzantine periods. During the Roman era, the use of thermal springs in the region was especially prominent. The name "Kızılcahamam" derives from the red-colored hot springs and baths found in the area. It became a district in 1924 during the early Republican era, and its thermal resources played a key role in the development of health tourism.

Administration and Population

Kızılcahamam is a district of Ankara Province and comprises 109 neighborhoods. According to data from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK), the population of the district was 26,872 in 2022. As of September 11, 2023, Dr. Nuri Mehmetbeyoğlu serves as the district governor, and Süleyman Acar was re-elected as mayor in the 2024 local elections.

Economy

The local economy is largely based on thermal tourism, agriculture, animal husbandry, and forest product utilization. The district’s abundant thermal resources make it an attractive destination for health tourism. Additionally, beekeeping, walnut cultivation, and traditional handicrafts are important sources of income.

Education and Culture

The district hosts various levels of public educational institutions. It is also home to the Vocational School of Health Services affiliated with Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, offering opportunities for higher education. Cultural life in Kızılcahamam is enriched by local festivals, traditional handicrafts, and outdoor sports activities.

Transportation

Situated along the Ankara–Istanbul State Road, Kızılcahamam has well-developed transportation links. It is about an hour’s drive from Ankara city center. The district is served by regular intercity bus and minibus services, and local transportation is provided by shuttle vehicles.

Nature and Tourism

Kızılcahamam is a prominent destination for tourism thanks to its thermal spas, nature parks, and scenic landscapes. Soğuksu National Park, in particular, contributes to biodiversity by providing habitat for endangered species such as the cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus). Other notable natural sites within the district include the Abacı Fairy Chimneys, İkizce Nature Park, and Kurtboğazı Dam.