Who is Al-Battani?

📘 Early Life and Education

Al-Battani began engaging with science at a young age. He showed interest in subjects such as mathematics, astronomy, and geometry. Thanks to his curiosity for knowledge, he received a strong education and gradually became a highly skilled observer. He conducted his most important work in the regions around Raqqa and Damascus.

🔭 Contributions to Science

Al-Battani used various instruments to study the sky and made extremely precise observations. He measured the movements of the Sun and Moon with remarkable accuracy. His calculations enabled a more accurate determination of the length of the year. By advancing trigonometry, he introduced the use of concepts such as sine (sin) and tangent (tan). These innovations significantly advanced mathematics and astronomy.

(Generated by artificial intelligence.)

📚 Works

Al-Battani’s most famous work is the star table titled “Zīj al-Ṣābī.” In this work, the movements of planets, solar and lunar eclipses, and other phenomena were calculated. This book was used for many centuries both in the Islamic world and in medieval Europe.

🔎 Discoveries and Achievements

- He calculated the length of the year as 365 days, 5 hours, 46 minutes, and 24 seconds, a value nearly identical to the modern measurement.

- He advanced trigonometry and introduced calculations using sine (sin) and tangent (tan).

- He was able to predict solar eclipses in advance.

- He charted the movements of planets with exceptional precision.

(Generated by artificial intelligence.)

📚 References

·      TÜBİTAK Bilim Genç. "Who is Al-Battani?" Bilim Genç, 20 May 2025. Accessed: 21 May 2025. https://bilimgenc.tubitak.gov.tr/makale/el-battani-kimdir

·      Fazlıoğlu, İhsan. "Battānī, Muḥammad b. Jābir." TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 1992. Accessed: 21 May 2025. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/battani-muhammed-b-cabir