Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) is an electronic system in motor vehicles that maintains a set speed without driver input and automatically adjusts the vehicle's speed to maintain a safe following distance from the vehicle ahead. It is an advanced version of the conventional cruise control system.

^{Working Principle of Adaptive Cruise Control (Toyota Europe)}

Purpose

The primary purpose of the system is to reduce driver workload during long journeys, adapt to traffic flow, and minimize the risk of collisions by maintaining a safe following distance.

Operating Principle

The system detects the presence, speed, and distance of vehicles ahead using sensors such as cameras and millimeter-wave radar located at the front of the vehicle. Based on this data, it automatically increases or decreases the vehicle’s speed. Braking is also performed when necessary. Typically, the system is activated by the driver through control buttons on the steering wheel, and both the desired speed and following distance can be preset.

Functionality

Adaptive cruise control is designed primarily for use on highways and expressways, where traffic flows more consistently over long distances. When a slower vehicle is detected ahead, the system reduces speed to maintain a safe distance. Once the road is clear, it resumes the preset speed.

Some versions of the ACC system include a Low Speed Follow feature. In heavy traffic conditions, this function allows the vehicle to come to a complete stop when the vehicle ahead stops and resume movement when the driver presses a button or lightly accelerates.

Limitations

The effectiveness of the system may be limited by environmental factors affecting the performance of sensors and cameras. Adverse weather conditions such as heavy rain, fog, or snow can reduce system functionality. In situations involving sudden maneuvers or sharp turns, the driver may need to take full control of the vehicle.

^{Adaptive Cruise Control Sensor Detecting the Vehicle Ahead (Generated with Artificial Intelligence.)}