Ariane 5 ES is an improved variant of the European Space Agency’s (ESA) Ariane 5 launch vehicle. Developed within the Ariane 5 program, this version is specifically designed for the precise delivery of multiple payloads into orbit. Unlike the Ariane 5 ECA, Ariane 5 ES is distinguished by its use of a restartable upper stage (EPS - Étage à Propergols Stockables). This feature provides greater flexibility in space missions and enables the deployment of multiple payloads.

^{Ariane 5 ES (ESA)}

Technical Specifications and Structure

While maintaining the basic structure of the Ariane 5, Ariane 5 ES incorporates some critical technical differences. The rocket consists of liquid and solid fuel stages. The Vulcain 2 engine used in the main stage operates with liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, while the two solid rocket boosters (EAP - Étages d’Accélération à Poudre) on the sides provide the necessary thrust during liftoff. The upper stage houses the EPS engine system. Thanks to its restartable feature, this system can be ignited multiple times during the mission, enabling the placement of payloads into different orbits.

Mission Profile and Usage

Ariane 5 ES has been primarily used in ESA’s Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) missions. In these missions, Ariane 5 ES successfully placed ATV spacecraft, which deliver supplies and materials to the International Space Station (ISS), into orbit. The rocket has also been utilized for launching Galileo navigation satellites. Its multi-payload capacity and restartable upper stage have made it a suitable vehicle for complex mission profiles.

^{Ariane 5 ES (YouTube)}

Final Mission and Retirement

Ariane 5 ES undertook its final mission on July 5, 2023. During this mission, the rocket successfully placed two satellites into transfer orbits, completing its last flight with a “flawless delivery.” The launch, conducted from Europe’s Guiana Space Centre in Kourou, once again demonstrated the technical success of the Ariane 5 program. The retirement of Ariane 5 ES is regarded as a significant milestone in the transition process to Ariane 6, ESA and Arianespace’s next-generation launch vehicle.