Change of the Name of the U.S. Department of Defense to the Department of War

In the United States, the Department of Defense was officially renamed the Department of War by an executive order issued on 5 September 2025. This step signifies a historic transformation in the conceptual framework of U.S. security and defense policy. The development has sparked debate both within U.S. domestic politics and internationally.

Background of the Name Change

The U.S. military administration has evolved under various institutional names since its founding. The Department of War, established in 1789, long served as the central body for the nation’s military and security policies. This name was changed in 1949 to Department of Defense in response to shifts in the understanding of security following World War II. During the Cold War, the term “defense” was preferred as it conveyed a more comprehensive and legitimizing narrative for U.S. security strategy.

The re-adoption of the name Department of War through the executive order signed by Donald Trump in 2025 is viewed as a return to this historical framework. The order states that the current name failed to adequately reflect the department’s actual functions and that a reaffirmation of its historical identity was necessary. This approach anticipates a shift away from the defense-oriented rhetoric developed since the second half of the 20th century toward a more direct military terminology. The move has raised concerns that the United States is adopting a more aggressive posture.

Signing of the Order and Legal Dimensions

On 5 September 2025, U.S. President Donald Trump formally renamed the Department of Defense the Department of War through a presidential executive order. The White House statement emphasized that the change represented a return to the institution’s historical roots and more clearly reflected its core mission. With the order, the term “Department of Defense” was removed from all official documents and replaced with “Department of War.”

The renaming of the Department of Defense to the Department of War is not merely symbolic; it entails institutional and legal adjustments. According to the order, the new name must be used in all official documents, correspondence, and regulations pertaining to the department. This necessitates a redefinition of the Pentagon’s institutional identity and requires the revision of all federally published texts.

It was also announced that all agreements, defense protocols, and international communications associated with the department will now be conducted under the new name. Legally, administrative adjustments have been mandated to implement the order, with coordination among federal agencies required to ensure compliance. Thus, the name change is not only a conceptual shift but also a direct alteration to the legal and diplomatic functioning of the state.

Reactions and Implications

The renaming of the Department of Defense to the Department of War has elicited varied reactions within U.S. public opinion and international circles. Supporters argue that the change more accurately reflects the department’s core mission and represents a return to its historical foundations. According to this view, the term “defense” has in recent decades expanded beyond its original scope, while the department’s actual function remains largely centered on conducting military operations.

In contrast, critical perspectives contend that the name change promotes a militaristic narrative and may produce negative repercussions for the United States’ international image. Some observers interpret the move as an action that could heighten perceptions of aggression in U.S. foreign policy. Consequently, while the decision is viewed domestically as a symbolic assertion of power, it has laid the groundwork for diplomatic tensions abroad.