Deterministic operations research is a mathematical analysis method used in decision-making processes. This approach refers to systems where all parameters are fixed and known. There is no randomness or uncertainty in the model. The system's behavior operates according to predetermined fixed rules. Such models are developed to solve various real-world operational problems. They have wide applications, especially in fields like production, logistics, transportation, finance, healthcare, and engineering.

Definition and Conceptual Foundations

Deterministic operations research provides a systematic way to model and solve decision problems. These problems involve situations where the input data is completely known and certain. The system is defined by variables, constraints, and an objective function. The objective function is a mathematical expression aiming to maximize or minimize a certain value. Decision variables represent controllable components of the system, while constraints reflect the physical, legal, or structural limits of the system.

Mathematical Modeling Process

The modeling process consists of three main components: defining decision variables, constructing the objective function, and specifying constraints. These components are formulated according to model types such as linear, nonlinear, integer, mixed-integer, or dynamic programming. Each model type is suitable for a specific class of problems. For example, linear programming is used when both the objective function and constraints are linear. The solution of the model is generally obtained through optimization techniques.

^{Mathematical Modeling (Generated by Artificial Intelligence)}

Model Validity Conditions

Deterministic models are valid only in systems where all parameters are fixed and precisely defined. For the model to be valid, all data must be reliable, measurable, and complete. When these conditions are met, the model produces accurate and dependable results regarding the system's operation. There is no randomness or variability in the system's external environment.

Application Areas

Deterministic operations research has numerous applications across various sectors. In each application area, the decision structure of the system is modeled to determine the optimal solution.

^{Engineers Modeling the Problem (Created by Artificial Intelligence)}

• Production Planning: In production processes, issues such as capacity utilization, material requirements planning, workstation balancing, and production scheduling are analyzed through deterministic models. This allows optimization of production processes in terms of time, cost, and resources.
• Logistics and Transportation: Logistics problems such as transportation issues, route planning, warehouse location selection, and distribution network configuration are solved using linear programming techniques. These models minimize total transportation costs or reduce delivery times to the shortest possible duration.
• Finance and Economic Modeling: Topics like investment portfolio selection, budgeting, capital allocation, and debt repayment plans are analyzed through deterministic models. The data used in these analyses are fixed and do not include future predictions. This framework provides precise and systematic solutions in financial planning.
• Healthcare Management: Hospital resource allocation, staff scheduling, operating room planning, and patient admission systems are managed using deterministic operations research models. Solutions are developed based on service times, capacity limitations, and patient needs within the healthcare sector.

Types of Modeling

Different types of modeling exist within deterministic operations research. Each type corresponds to specific problem structures.

• Linear Programming: Used when the objective function and all constraints are linear. Solutions are provided using methods such as the simplex algorithm. It is applied in fields like transportation, production, and portfolio optimization.
• Integer Programming: Models where decision variables can only take integer values. Particularly suitable for location selection, scheduling, and packing problems.
• Dynamic Programming: Used in decision problems that consist of sequential stages. The decision made at each stage determines the conditions for the next stage. Especially applied in time-dependent systems.

^{Dynamic Programming Diagram (Created by Artificial Intelligence)}