Goose breeding is a specialized branch of animal husbandry, commonly practiced especially in cold climates, and is known for its meat and liver with high nutritional value. In recent years, goose breeding has shown development in Türkiye, and in addition to local breeds, highly productive foreign breeds have also been introduced into breeding practices. One of these breeds is the Emden goose, which originates from Germany. This breed, which has significant advantages in terms of breeding, has attracted the attention of producers and researchers in Türkiye as well.
The Emden goose was developed around the city of Emden in northwestern Germany and takes its name from this location. It is known as one of the oldest and largest white goose breeds in Europe. It is one of the high-yielding breeds in industrial goose farming and is particularly noted for its rapid growth and large size. Studies conducted in Türkiye have aimed to increase meat and egg yield by crossbreeding Emden geese with local breeds.
Emden Geese (AA)
Physical Characteristics
Physically, they are large and have white feathers. Their broad and long body structure, thick necks, and orange beaks are distinguishing features. Adult males can reach an average weight of 10–12 kg, while females reach 8–10 kg. Their feather covering is white and dense, making them resistant to cold weather conditions. During the incubation period, they stand out with their high egg weights (approximately 160–200 grams).
Habitat and Distribution
They are raised in many countries, especially in Europe. In Türkiye, they have started to be bred together with local geese, especially in Eastern Anatolian cities such as Kars, Ardahan, and Erzurum. Within the framework of agricultural development projects, the Emden goose has been used in various farms for crossbreeding efforts to increase the productivity of local breeds. This distribution is based on the species' ability to adapt to climatic conditions.
Emden Geese (AA)
Behavior and Feeding Habits
This breed is generally calm in nature but displays alert behavior in response to environmental factors. They tend to move in flocks. They are herbivorous and are suitable animals for grazing in meadows and pastures. Moreover, when fed on wheat, barley, corn, and green fodder, these geese show rapid weight gain. Studies conducted in Türkiye have shown that their feed utilization capacity is quite good.
Goose Breeding and Economic Importance
The Emden goose is one of the important breeds in commercial goose farming due to its high meat yield. It is especially preferred by producers seeking rapid growth and high carcass yield. In recent years, goose breeding in Türkiye has been promoted as an alternative source of income. The Emden breed forms the foundation of hybrid production at this point. In addition, municipalities and development agencies provide breeding stock support to producers by using Emden geese.
Emden Geese Breeding (AA)
Cultural and Historical Significance
Although the Emden goose is not a breed originating from Türkiye, in recent years, especially through breeding studies conducted around Kars, it has contributed to the cultural production model. While goose meat forms the basis of traditional dishes in Anatolia, the Emden goose integrates into this tradition with its productivity. In Germany, the history of these geese dates back centuries and holds an important place in the history of livestock farming.
Emden Geese Breeding (AA)
Goose Products and Areas of Use
The main products obtained from the Emden goose are meat, eggs, fat, and feathers. Their meat is fatty and delicious, especially when consumed smoked or roasted. Their livers are valuable in the production of "foie gras." Feathers are used in the production of pillows, quilts, and clothing. Eggs are used for both consumption and breeding purposes. Additionally, goose fat is used in traditional treatment methods in some regions.
Stuffed Rice with Goose Meat (Ardahan Foundation)
Health and Welfare of Geese
Welfare conditions in Emden geese vary depending on nutrition, shelter hygiene, and stress factors. They become more productive when raised in spacious and clean environments. Among diseases, parasitic infections require particular attention. Compliance with vaccination programs and hygiene rules directly affects flock health. In educational projects conducted in Türkiye, producers are provided with specific information on these topics.
Goose Farming in Türkiye and the World
Globally, China, Hungary, and Poland are among the leading countries in goose production, while Türkiye has begun to increase its production quantity and diversity in recent years. While the Emden goose is preferred in Europe for meat production, in Türkiye, it is used for crossbreeding with local geese. Thanks to rural development projects and farmer training, goose farming in Türkiye is becoming a more organized and efficient sector.
