The gig economy refers to forms of work that are conducted without attachment to a specific employer, typically through digital platforms, and based on short-term, project-based, or task-oriented engagements. Individuals working within this structure operate independently and do not have a traditional employment contract with an employer. Elements such as working hours, the scope of work, and compensation are largely characterized by flexibility.

Unlike traditional employment models, this economic structure focuses not on the continuity of employment but rather on the completion of specific tasks. The mode of working is predominantly conducted through digital tools. Workers offer their services by registering on online platforms, while employers make service requests via these platforms.

Structural Characteristics

The gig economy is shaped around certain structural features, including discontinuity, independence, digitalization, and flexibility. Compared to conventional employment models, individuals working within this framework occupy a different position in terms of job security, social protection, and institutional affiliation. The relationship between the worker and the employer is often not based on a formal contract; instead, both parties agree on the provision of a specific service through the platform.

This type of economy is not limited to the delivery of physical goods or services. Numerous activities such as software development, graphic design, digital content creation, translation, and data analysis are considered part of the gig economy. Furthermore, services like transportation, accommodation, and food delivery are also integral to this economic model.

Forms of Employment and Labor Relations

Employment in the gig economy is limited to carrying out non-continuous tasks. Individuals working in this model are not subject to fixed working hours as in traditional workplaces. The duration of work varies according to the nature of the task and individual preference. In this respect, the gig economy is defined as a flexible and personalized form of employment.

Digital platforms play a decisive role in shaping labor relations. These platforms serve as digital interfaces that match the supply and demand of labor. At the same time, they determine the rules of engagement between employers and workers through user reviews, algorithms, and rating systems.

Scope and Sectoral Distribution

The gig economy spans multiple sectors, including information and communication technologies, creative industries, the service sector, and transportation. Gig work is particularly widespread in fields such as software, graphic design, and digital marketing. In addition, practical job types such as ride-sharing, short-term accommodation, and domestic cleaning services are also part of this economic model.

This sectoral diversity demonstrates that the gig economy is not confined solely to technology-oriented professions but also extends to areas involving everyday services.