Gig Economy

The gig economy is a concept referring to short-term, project- or task-based work arrangements conducted typically through digital platforms without reliance on a specific employer. Individuals working within this structure operate independently and do not have a traditional employment contract with the employer. Elements such as working hours, scope of work, and compensation are largely flexible.

Unlike traditional employment models, this economic structure focuses not on job continuity but on the completion of specific tasks. Work is predominantly carried out via digital tools. Workers offer their services by registering on online platforms, while employers seek services through these same platforms.

Structural Characteristics

The gig economy is shaped around several key structural elements, with discontinuity, independence, digitalization, and flexibility taking center stage. Individuals working within this structure occupy a different position compared to those in classical employment arrangements, particularly regarding job security, social protection, and institutional ties. The relationship between worker and employer often does not rest on a formal contract; instead, the parties agree through a platform on the provision of a specific service.

This type of economy is not limited to the delivery of physical products or services. Numerous activities such as software development, graphic design, digital content creation, translation, and data analysis can be considered part of the gig economy. Additionally, services like transportation, accommodation, and food delivery are also integral components of this economic model.

Employment Form and Labor Relations

In the gig economy, employment is confined to the execution of non-continuous tasks. Individuals working within this structure are not subject to fixed working hours as in traditional workplaces. Working hours vary according to the requirements of the task and the individual’s preferences. In this regard, the gig economy is defined as a flexible and personalized form of employment.

Digital platforms play a decisive role in shaping labor relations. These platforms serve as digital interfaces that match labor supply with demand. They also determine the quality of work and the rules governing the relationship between employer and worker through user reviews, algorithms, and rating systems.

Scope and Sectoral Distribution

The gig economy finds application across various sectors, including information and communication technologies, creative industries, the service sector, and transportation. Gig work is particularly common in fields such as software development, graphic design, and digital marketing. In addition, practical job types such as ride-sharing, short-term accommodation, and home cleaning services are also included in this economic model.

This sectoral diversity reveals that the gig economy is not confined solely to technology-oriented professions but also manifests in areas providing everyday services.