Internet Addiction and Treatment

Internet addiction can be defined as the inability to control excessive internet use, the loss of appreciation for time spent offline, the experience of heightened irritability and aggression during periods of abstinence, and the progressive deterioration of a person’s professional, social, and family life. Non-chemical behavioral addictions such as shopping, television watching, and playing computer games also exhibit the core components of physical and psychological dependence (mental preoccupation, mood changes, tolerance, withdrawal, interpersonal conflicts, and relapse).

History

The foundations of the internet stem from the competition between the United States and the Soviet Union. Initially used only by specialists, the system became visual and widely adopted after Tim Berners-Lee developed the World Wide Web in 1991. Turkey first connected to the internet in 1993 through Middle East Technical University (ODTÜ), with an initial connection speed of 64 kbit/s. Over time, Ege University, Boğaziçi University, and Istanbul Technical University also established connections. During the 2000s, internet use expanded beyond academic circles into the general population.

Definition

Internet addiction is also referred to by various terms such as “pathological internet use” and “excessive internet use.” A scientific consensus has not yet been reached. Technological addictions can manifest in passive forms such as television viewing or active forms such as gaming.

Young’s Diagnostic Criteria:

• Excessive preoccupation with the internet
• Need for increasing amounts of time online
• Failed attempts to control internet use
• Restlessness or irritability when attempting to reduce usage
• Staying online longer than originally intended
• Problems with family, school, work, or social relationships
• Lying about the amount of time spent online
• Using the internet to escape negative emotions

Treatment Approaches

Pharmacotherapy

The primary focus is treating co-occurring psychiatric conditions. Depression, anxiety, and attention deficit are common. Mood stabilizers and antidepressants may be preferred.

Psychotherapy

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is highly effective in treating internet addiction. Individuals may turn to the internet to escape feelings of failure or negative emotions. During therapy:

• Internet use is monitored and limited,
• Time management skills are developed,
• Social relationships are supported,
• Engagement in alternative activities is encouraged,
• Maladaptive thought patterns are restructured.

Group and family therapies can also contribute to the treatment process. The internet is a highly beneficial tool when used appropriately. However, uncontrolled use can harm an individual’s mental health. The risk is particularly high among children and youth. Therefore, preventive educational programs should be implemented, families should be sensitized, and healthy usage habits should be cultivated through psychological and pharmacological support when necessary.