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Journey to the Center of the Earth is one of the classic works of science fiction literature, written by the French author Jules Verne. As one of the author’s early works, the novel combines scientific curiosity with a sense of adventure, offering 19th-century readers a daring exploration that pushes the boundaries of imagination.
The novel’s protagonist, Axel, is a young science enthusiast living in Hamburg. Axel’s uncle, Professor Lidenbrock, is a passionate, stubborn, and forward-thinking scientist devoted to the natural sciences. One day, the professor deciphers a cipher in an ancient manuscript written in runic script, which belongs to the Icelandic scholar Arne Saknussemm. According to the cipher, it is possible to reach the center of the Earth by entering through the crater of Mount Sneffels.
Full of excitement, Professor Lidenbrock and Axel set out for Iceland, accompanied by their guide, the calm and reliable Hans. During their journey, they encounter numerous dangers including dark caverns, underground lakes, volcanic tunnels, and life-threatening natural phenomena. They are eventually ejected to the Earth’s surface after a volcanic eruption spews them out from a lava-filled volcano.
Axel: The narrator of the novel. A young man with a deep interest in science, who is emotional and introspective.
Professor Otto Lidenbrock: Axel’s uncle. Intelligent, stubborn, and adventurous. Throughout the book, his rationality and passion take center stage.
Hans Bjelke: The Icelandic guide. A quiet, loyal, and practically intelligent character.
Graüben (Gertrud): A young woman whom Axel loves and who is the adopted daughter of Professor Lidenbrock. In the novel, she primarily serves as Axel’s source of motivation.

Journey to the Center of the Earth from an AI Perspective (Generated by AI)
The novel is regarded as a reflection of the 19th century’s intense fascination with the natural sciences. As one of the earliest examples of science fiction, it explores themes such as exploration, the pursuit of the unknown, defiance of nature, and the power of human determination. During Jules Verne’s time, disciplines such as geology, volcanology, and earth science were only beginning to take shape.
Geology professor Lidenbrock discovers a manuscript by the explorer Arne Saknussemm that describes a route to the center of the Earth. After his nephew Axel deciphers the riddle in the manuscript, the lives of the professor and Axel are changed forever. Under the guidance of the silent Hans, they encounter prehistoric monsters and strange phenomena during their perilous, astonishing, and terrifying journey through the subterranean world.
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