Keçi Bastion is an important part of the fortification system within the boundaries of Diyarbakır. It rises on a naturally carved rock mass in the southeastern section of the city walls, east of the Mardin Gate. Its strategic location provides a commanding view of the city’s natural and historical landmarks, including the Tigris River, Hevsel Gardens, the Ten-Eyed Bridge, and Kırklar Mountain. Structurally, the tower is quite large and is considered the largest and oldest tower on the Diyarbakır city walls.
Keçi Tower(Republic of Turkey, Diyarbakır Governorship)
History
The exact construction date of Keçi Tower is unknown. However, an inscription on the tower indicates that it was repaired by the Mervanoğulları in 1223. This suggests that the tower has a history dating back at least to the 13th century and was in use during different periods. Although much of the inscription has been damaged, it remains of significant historical value.
Architectural Structure and Technical Features
The tower features an eleven-arched design. Inside, there is a large hall supported by columns, and on the upper floor, a wide platform opens onto the city walls. The motifs on the column capitals and construction techniques reflect architectural influences from multiple periods. Particularly, the column capitals resemble Roman-era forms, suggesting that these elements may have been repurposed from earlier structures. Some academic discussions also consider the possibility that the tower could date entirely to a pre-Islamic period.
Artistic Elements and Decoration
Compared to other towers of the Outer Castle, Keçi Tower is relatively plain. Decorative elements are limited, though some sections feature inscriptions in thuluth script and bird motifs. These elements add an artistic dimension to the tower and provide insight into the aesthetic sensibilities of the period. The minimal ornamentation indicates that the tower was primarily designed for functional purposes.
Function and Usage
The architectural features of Keçi Tower suggest that it was used not only for defense but also potentially for cultural or religious purposes. Its eleven-arched layout and interior plan have led some scholars to propose that it may have functioned as a temple at one point. Today, the tower serves as an exhibition hall and hosts cultural events, ensuring its preservation and continued relevance.
Conservation and Current Status
With the inclusion of the Diyarbakır Walls on the UNESCO World Heritage List, Keçi Tower has received increased attention. While largely preserved externally, the interior and inscription areas show partial damage. Ongoing restoration and conservation efforts are crucial for safeguarding the tower for future generations.
