Mine detection rats, especially giant African pouched rats of the species Cricetomys gambianus (Gambian pouched rat), are rodents specially trained for mine detection, identification of explosives, and even diagnosis of certain diseases. Due to their low weight, these animals have the ability to detect landmines without detonating them. In recent years, the role of these rats in humanitarian aid activities in developing countries has been increasing.
Mine Rat (Generated by artificial intelligence)
Biological Characteristics
Cricetomys gambianus is a rodent native to Sub-Saharan Africa, weighing 1.0–1.5 kg and measuring approximately 70–90 cm in length. Their ability to carry food is enhanced by their pouched cheeks. Their developed sense of smell makes them ideal for detection tasks. They have a high level of intelligence and are suitable for training using classical conditioning and positive reinforcement methods.
Training Process
The training of mine detection rats generally takes 9 to 12 months. Training is based on olfactory recognition (e.g., TNT vapor) and association with the target. Trained rats are guided by a leash in areas suspected of containing mines. When they react to a scent, they signal trained operators by giving a sign. They are rewarded after each correct detection.
Applications
Landmine Detection
Rats have been used particularly in regions with a high mine threat, such as Angola, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Cambodia. Trained rats can scan an average area of 200 square meters per hour; this rate is many times higher than that of humans using traditional metal detectors.
Mine Detection Rats (TRT Documentary)
Tuberculosis Diagnosis
Since the early 2000s, some mine detection rats have been trained in a laboratory setting to detect the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human sputum samples. Preliminary screenings using this method can yield faster results compared to traditional microscopic methods.
Humanitarian Aid Operations
Rats are used by humanitarian demining organizations, contributing to the safe clearance of residential areas. This both increases the safety of civilians' living spaces and allows for the reuse of agricultural land.
Advantages
- Low maintenance cost
- Ability to work safely due to their light weight
- Capacity to rapidly scan large areas
- Retrainability and high task commitment
Ethical and Safety Approaches
The use of mine detection rats has raised some ethical discussions. However, extensive safety measures are taken to ensure no harm comes to these animals. Veterinary supervision is provided during training and operational processes, and at the end of their service, the rats continue their lives in their natural habitats or protection centers.
Mine Rat (Generated by artificial intelligence)
Mine detection rats have established themselves as an economical, effective, and safe alternative to traditional methods in today's humanitarian aid operations. Thanks to their advanced sense of smell and trainability, they are among the promising biological agents not only for explosive detection but also for disease diagnosis.
