Mirra is a traditional type of coffee consumed in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Türkiye, particularly in the provinces of Mardin, Şanlıurfa, Gaziantep, and Adana. The term mirra derives from the Arabic root mur, meaning “bitter.” It is also popularly known as “bitter coffee.” Mirra is distinguished not only by its intense flavor but also by its elaborate preparation process and unique method of presentation. It is especially notable for being served at social gatherings such as weddings, religious ceremonies (mevlit), and funerals.
Mirra. (Image generated with artificial intelligence.)
Preparation
Mirra is a beverage that requires a lengthy and meticulous preparation process. It begins with the roasting of green coffee beans. Once cooled, the roasted beans are ground into a fine powder using a traditional stone mortar called a kahve dibeği. The ground coffee is then placed into large metal vessels known as gümgüm.
Water is added to the coffee grounds, and the mixture is boiled for approximately two hours. During this period, it is strained several times to remove the sediment that settles at the bottom. More coffee and water are added as needed, and the boiling continues. This process is repeated until the coffee reaches a consistency similar to molasses. Optionally, aromatic spices such as cardamom may be added to enhance the flavor.
Approximately 350 grams of mirra concentrate is obtained from one kilogram of coffee beans. This concentrate can be stored in a cool environment for extended periods and reheated for later consumption.
Presentation
Unlike other types of coffee, mirra is served according to strict traditional customs. It is presented in small, handleless cups known as mekkâvî. Typically, it is served in single-sip portions, starting with the eldest person present. The server carries both the coffee pot and the cup by hand; mirra is never served on a tray. The cup must not be placed on the ground during consumption and should be handed back directly to the server. According to traditional practice, failing to return the cup properly may result in symbolic penalties—such as filling the cup with gold, marrying the coffee preparer, finding them a spouse, or preparing their dowry. The etiquette of drinking mirra not only underscores its social function but also reinforces norms of respect and courtesy.
Mirra served in a handleless cup. (Illustration generated by artificial intelligence.)
Contemporary Mirra Culture
Although traditionally served during special occasions like weddings, funerals, and religious observances, mirra is now also offered at certain cafés and tea houses upon request. Additionally, bottled versions of mirra are commercially available and can be consumed simply by reheating.
In some local traditions, when mirra is served in a household for the first time, the host invites neighbors for a meal and celebrates the occasion with a special gathering. In this way, mirra culture transcends its role as a mere beverage and becomes a tradition that strengthens social ties within the community.
