“Mukaab” (Arabic for “cube”) is an architectural project under construction in Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia, as part of the New Murabba development initiative. Upon completion, it is projected to be one of the largest physical structures in the world. With each edge measuring 400 meters, the cubic structure will encompass a total enclosed area of approximately 2 million square meters. Designed as a multifunctional center, the building will house over 100,000 residential units, 9,000 hotel rooms, commercial centers, cultural venues, and recreational facilities.
Mukaab is positioned as an architectural feature intended to shape the new urban skyline of Riyadh in terms of urban design and spatial symbolism. The project is regarded as part of Saudi Arabia’s broader efforts, in line with Vision 2030, to transform Riyadh into an international hub. Its completion is planned to coincide with global events such as Expo 2030.
Design of Mukaab (New Murabba)
Architectural Features and Technological Integration
The architectural design of Mukaab draws inspiration from the traditional architectural forms of the Najd region in central Saudi Arabia. The structure is supported by overlapping triangular geometries, and its façade is adorned with patterned surface textures and traditional motifs. In this respect, Mukaab represents a hybrid architectural model that merges modern construction techniques with cultural references.
The building’s interiors will be equipped with advanced digital technologies and holographic systems. A prominent feature will be the holographic dome, designed not only for audiovisual presentations but also to create interactive spaces offering augmented reality (AR) experiences and multi-sensory environments. This characteristic positions Mukaab not merely as an architectural volume but as an example of digital experience architecture.
Design of Mukaab (New Murabba)
Debates and Societal Reflections
Mukaab has garnered public attention not only for its physical scale and technological integration but also due to its symbolic and societal connotations. Its formal resemblance to the Kaaba, the most significant structure in the Islamic world, has sparked various criticisms. Some commentators have expressed concerns that such modern projects could overshadow the traditional character of cities like Mecca and Medina.
Design of Mukaab (New Murabba)
On the other hand, the Saudi administration frames this project within the context of economic diversification and the promotion of new urban lifestyles based on tourism and technology. Mukaab is positioned as the new symbol of Riyadh and a prominent representation in global competition. In this framework, the structure is regarded not only as an architectural center but also as a symbol of economic, technological, and socio-cultural transformation.
