Phaselis Ancient City is a significant ancient port city located within the present-day borders of Antalya province, west of the Kemer district. Established by Rhodian colonists in the 7th century BCE, the city maintained its importance as a key port for many years due to its strategic position along Mediterranean trade routes. With its geographical location, three harbors, and developed trade network, Phaselis served as a cultural and economic bridge between the regions of Lycia and Pamphylia.

History

Throughout history, Phaselis came under the rule of various civilizations. In the 5th century BCE, it was controlled by the Persians, and in the 4th century BCE, it came under the rule of Mausolus, the Carian satrap. When Alexander the Great arrived in Phaselis in 333 BCE, he was welcomed by the people with a golden crown, marking one of the most significant events in the city's history. After Alexander's death, the city changed hands multiple times and became part of the Lycian League in 167 BCE, even minting its own league coins. However, the city suffered from pirate raids and was eventually incorporated into the Roman Empire in 43 BCE. During the Roman period, Phaselis flourished as a major trade and cultural center, continuing its prominence in the Byzantine era before being abandoned in the 13th century.

Harbors and Trade Life

One of the most distinctive features of Phaselis was its three harbors:

• The Northern Harbor, which was mainly used for military and commercial ships.
• The Military Harbor, strategically important for the city's defense.
• The Southern Harbor, the largest and most significant port for trade.

These harbors played a fundamental role in the city's economy, making Phaselis a key hub for Mediterranean trade. The depiction of ships on the city's coins further emphasizes its maritime significance. During the Roman period, Phaselis became known for its advanced infrastructure, including aqueducts and sewage systems, which supplied water from the northern hills to the city.

Architectural Structures and Excavations

The urban fabric of Phaselis includes structures from the Roman and Byzantine periods. The city's main street, which is 20-24 meters wide, leads to Hadrian’s Gate at its southern end. Alongside this street are shops, agoras, baths, and other public buildings. Phaselis had three agoras, one of which contains the remains of a Byzantine basilica. A small Hellenistic theater is also among the city's significant structures.

Recent excavations have provided crucial insights into Phaselis’ past. In 2020, restoration and documentation work was conducted in areas such as the Hellenistic Temple, Hadrian’s Gate, and the Necropolis. Additionally, archaeologists discovered an altar dedicated to Apollo along with votive figurines. These statues, depicting humans, lions, horses, and warriors, are believed to have been offerings from sailors to the gods.

Aqueducts and Infrastructure

One of Phaselis’ most remarkable engineering achievements is its aqueduct system, constructed during the Roman period. These aqueducts transported water from the northern sources to the city, reflecting an advanced level of engineering. Along with its drainage and sewage systems, this infrastructure ensured that Phaselis remained habitable for centuries, supporting both its cultural and commercial activities.

Phaselis Today

Today, Phaselis Ancient City is a protected archaeological site that welcomes visitors. In addition to its historical ruins, its scenic beaches extending into the Mediterranean Sea and surrounding pine forests enhance its appeal as a tourist destination. However, factors such as rising sea levels, natural disasters, and gradual erosion pose challenges for the preservation of the city's ancient structures.

Ongoing excavations and surface research continue to shed light on the city's history, ensuring that Phaselis' cultural heritage is preserved and passed on to future generations.