Refik Koraltan, as one of the prominent figures in Turkish politics, played an active role during the transition from the Ottoman Empire to the Republican era and in the subsequent period. Born in 1898 in Konya, Koraltan became known for his active political involvement, particularly during the years of the Turkish National Struggle and the early years of the Republic of Türkiye.

^{Refik Koraltan, in the middle (Grand National Assembly of Türkiye)}

Early Life and Education

Refik Koraltan was born in Konya. The educated and socially active nature of his family was among the factors that shaped his early interest in politics. He completed his primary education in Konya and pursued his higher education in Istanbul, where he studied law. His legal education later became a significant foundation for his career, enabling him to serve in various legal institutions of the state.

Political Activities During the National Struggle

A major turning point in Koraltan’s political career emerged in the aftermath of the First World War and during the Turkish War of Independence. Returning to Konya in 1919, he began working as a lawyer and quickly became one of the leading figures of the national movement. He participated in the establishment of the Defense of Rights Society (Müdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti) in Konya and supported the local resistance efforts. In close cooperation with the 12th Corps Commander, Fahrettin Altay Pasha, he played a leading role in reorganizing the society.

The First Grand National Assembly and the Founding of the Republic of Türkiye

In 1920, Refik Koraltan became a deputy of Konya in the First Grand National Assembly and actively participated in the founding of the Republic. Within the Assembly, he served on the Justice, Interior Affairs, Drafting, and Land Registry and Cadastre commissions, contributing to significant legislative decisions. In the same year, he joined the Inquiry Committee (Tahkik Heyeti) formed in response to a rebellion attempt in Konya, working to reinforce the national struggle. Additionally, during a period when Bolshevik activities were increasing, he took part in the founding of the Turkish Communist Party upon the invitation of Mustafa Kemal Pasha.

Political Influence in the Early Republican Period

Following the proclamation of the Republic, Refik Koraltan continued to play an active role in the legislative affairs of the Assembly. He notably contributed to the enactment of key reforms such as the Hat Law and the closure of religious lodges and shrines. Koraltan also provided valuable input during the preparation of fundamental legal codes, including the Turkish Penal Code, the Code of Obligations, and the Civil Code. His close relationship with Mustafa Kemal Pasha during this period was another important factor that enhanced his political influence.

Second Term and Involvement in the Democrat Party

In 1946, Koraltan returned to politics and was elected as a deputy for Mersin, contributing to the transition to a multi-party political system in Türkiye. He led the opposition movement within the Republican People's Party (CHP) alongside the "Motion of Four" (Dörtlü Takrir) in 1945 and took part in the founding of the Democrat Party in 1946. Following the party’s rise to power, Koraltan was appointed Speaker of the Grand National Assembly, a position he held until 1960.

The 27 May 1960 Coup and the Yassıada Trials

The military coup of May 27, 1960, marked a pivotal moment in Refik Koraltan’s life. During the coup, he was arrested along with other members of the Democrat Party and sent to Yassıada. There, he was tried on charges of violating the constitution and other alleged offenses. As a result of the trials, Koraltan was sentenced to death; however, the National Unity Committee commuted his sentence to life imprisonment. He was later granted amnesty and released. During his years in prison, Koraltan suffered from health problems and managed to survive with the medical treatments he received during this period.

^{Yassıada, In Recent Times (AA)}

Later Years and Death

After being granted amnesty in 1964, Refik Koraltan traveled to Germany, where he continued his medical treatment. Upon his return to Türkiye in 1966, he withdrew from active political life and began leading a quiet existence. On 17 June 1974, he passed away in Istanbul due to kidney failure and complications from gout.