This article was automatically translated from the original Turkish version.
The 2025 Dutch general elections were early parliamentary elections held on 29 October 2025. They were triggered following the withdrawal of the Party for Freedom (PVV) led by Geert Wilders from the coalition on 3 June 2025. A total of 27 political parties and 1,166 candidates competed for the 150 seats in the House of Representatives (Tweede Kamer).
Voters at a polling station in the Netherlands on 29 October 2025 – (Anadolu Ajansı)
The immediate cause of the early election was the collapse of the Schoof Cabinet on 3 June 2025. The largest party in the ruling four-party coalition, the Party for Freedom (Partij voor de Vrijheid – PVV), demanded that its coalition partners approve a ten-point package of migration and asylum measures. This package included strict measures central to the PVV’s election pledges, notably severe restrictions on asylum applications.
The other coalition partners – the People’s Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), the New Social Contract (NSC), and the Farmer-Citizen Movement (BBB) – refused to directly endorse these proposals. Other parties suggested that the technical drafting of the measures be left to the State Minister for Migration and Asylum, who was affiliated with the PVV.
This disagreement quickly escalated into a government crisis. PVV leader Geert Wilders accused the other coalition members of failing to honor their commitments, and his party withdrew from the coalition on 3 June 2025. With the PVV’s departure, the cabinet lost its parliamentary majority. Prime Minister Dick Schoof submitted his resignation, and a decision was made to hold early elections.
Anti-migration protests held on election day in the Netherlands on 29 October 2025 – (Anadolu Ajansı)
A total of 27 political parties participated in the 2025 Dutch general elections, with 1,166 candidates competing for seats in the House of Representatives.
In the 2025 elections, several parties entered the contest with new leaders. The New Social Contract (NSC), the Socialist Party (SP), and Forum for Democracy (FvD) all underwent leadership changes.
There were also party transfers prior to the election:
Voters at a polling station in the Netherlands on 29 October 2025 – (Anadolu Ajansı)
The campaign period for the 2025 Dutch general elections revolved around major national issues including immigration policy, the housing crisis, the cost of healthcare, and economic stability. The campaign unfolded against the backdrop of ongoing debates over asylum policies that had led to the collapse of the previous government.
Immigration policy was at the center of the election campaign. Public opinion polls conducted before the election revealed that voters regarded migration as one of the country’s most pressing issues.
Geert Wilders, leader of the far-right Party for Freedom (PVV), proposed stringent anti-immigration measures during his campaign. He advocated for the rejection of all asylum applications, the deportation of Ukrainian male refugees, and the redirection of development aid toward energy and healthcare spending. These proposals were deemed incompatible with European Union agreements and were widely criticized by other parties.
The housing crisis also emerged as a central campaign issue. Rob Jetten, leader of Democrats 66 (D66), pledged to build new cities across the country and increase housing supply. D66 also emphasized social policies such as investment in education and improved access to healthcare.
Holland – Wilders campaigning in Volendam on 25 October 2025 – (Anadolu Ajansı)
Voting in the 2025 Dutch general elections began at 07:30 local time on Wednesday, 29 October 2025, and ended at 21:00. The total number of eligible voters was approximately 13.5 million. Across the country, 27 parties and 1,166 candidates competed for the 150 seats in the House of Representatives.
The voting process was administered under the supervision of local authorities. In major cities and towns, voters began casting their ballots early in the morning.
Following the completion of voting, official announcements indicated a national voter turnout of 78.4%, a slight increase from the 77.8% recorded in the 2023 elections. In Amsterdam, turnout was measured at 70.8%.
Shortly after voting ended, the first exit polls were released. According to an opinion poll conducted by Ipsos I&O for public broadcaster NOS and RTL, the Democrats 66 (D66) party led with 27 seats.
These preliminary results were published as the first indicators of the evening and served as a reference for public opinion until official results were announced. The margin of error for the exit polls was reported at 2–3 seats, meaning the difference between D66 and PVV could still change in the final count.
Vote counting continued throughout the night, with initial results beginning to be released in the early morning. According to the newspaper De Morgen, by the morning of 30 October, 98.6% of votes had been counted. Official results were scheduled to be announced on 7 November 2025.
The newly elected House of Representatives is scheduled to convene and begin its term on 12 November 2025.
Voters at a polling station in the Netherlands on 29 October 2025 – (Anadolu Ajansı)
Unofficial results of the 2025 Dutch general elections were released on the morning of 30 October 2025. With over 98% of votes counted, analysts concluded that the election had produced an unprecedented tie between two parties: the center-left Democrats 66 (D66) and the far-right Party for Freedom (PVV), each winning 26 seats. The difference between the two parties was reported to be fewer than 3,000 votes.
The unofficial party-by-party distribution of seats was as follows:
This outcome demonstrated that no single party achieved a majority sufficient to form a government on its own.
According to unofficial data, the vote shares for the parties were as follows:
Although D66 and PVV had identical vote shares, D66 held a narrow lead in seat count due to the distribution of votes across constituencies.
Compared with the 2023 elections, the following changes occurred:
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Background of the Election
Parties and Leaders Participating
Main Parties and Their Leaders
Leadership Changes and Transfers
Campaign and Key Issues
Voting Process and Turnout
Exit Polls and Vote Counting Process
Election Results
Overall Seat Distribution (98.6% of Votes Counted)
Vote Shares
2025 Dutch General Elections – Unofficial Election Results
Seat Changes