Backhoe Loaders (Bekoloder)

Backhoe loaders are multifunctional and compact construction machines with a loader bucket at the front and a backhoe attachment at the rear. Known internationally as backhoe loaders, these machines are commonly referred to as bekoloder in Türkiye.

Historical Development

While the sources do not provide a direct historical account, backhoe loaders have become one of the essential pieces of equipment in the construction and infrastructure sectors since the mid-20th century, in parallel with the advancement of construction machinery technologies.

Owing to their ability to perform both loading and excavation functions in one machine, they quickly became an indispensable part of construction and infrastructure projects.

Technical Structure

Backhoe loaders consist of the following main technical components:

• Loader section (front bucket)
• Backhoe section (rear backhoe)
• Chassis and running gear
• Engine and hydraulic system
• Operator cab and control systems

Engine power is at least 20 kW (27 HP) and the machine is self-propelled

Machine Functions

• Loading Function
• The front loader bucket performs excavated material loading, transport, and surface leveling. Various bucket types enable different operations:
• • General-purpose bucket
  • Multi-purpose bucket
  • Side-dumping bucket
  • Forklift attachment for simple loading and unloading
• Excavation Function
• The rear backhoe attachment performs trenching, foundation excavation, and other digging operations.
• Breaking Function
• A hydraulic breaker can be attached to the machine for breaking hard rock and concrete

Efficient Use Methods

• It is recommended to operate the machine within its capacity.
• A ground survey should be conducted before starting work.
• The bucket should be carefully dipped, and material should be loaded downhill.
• Bucket teeth should be used when working on hard ground.
• During loading operations, the truck and machine should be properly positioned.

Areas of Use

Backhoe loaders are widely used across various sectors:

• Infrastructure and sewerage projects
• Road construction and maintenance
• Construction site excavation
• Trenching and foundation excavation
• Material transport and loading
• Landscaping and environmental works
• Urban services and municipal works

These machines are also frequently preferred in urban applications and confined spaces due to their compact size and multifunctional design

Operator Training

Operating a backhoe loader in Türkiye requires special training under the Directive on Construction Equipment Driver Training Courses and the Backhoe Loader Operator Course Program approved by the Ministry of National Education.

Training Content

• Theoretical training:
• • Basic structure and components of the machine
  • Occupational safety rules
  • Daily maintenance and inspections
  • Operating procedures and efficient use methods
• Practical training:
• • Using the backhoe section to excavate a trench at least 3 meters long and 50 cm deep
  • Using the loader section to load and unload with at least 50% bucket fill
  • Material transport and safe parking procedures

Evaluation

• At the end of training, participants must take a practical examination.
• The exam includes both a theoretical knowledge test and practical excavation, loading, and parking operations.
• Successful candidates are awarded the Construction Equipment Operator Authorization Certificate

Backhoe loaders (bekoloder), with their versatility, compact structure, and high maneuverability, are indispensable construction machines in modern construction and infrastructure projects.

Türkiye’s current training and certification systems ensure the safe and efficient operation of these machines by well-trained professional operators.