Battery

A battery is a rechargeable power source that stores electrical energy chemically and releases it as electrical energy when needed. It is used in automobiles to start the engine, power lighting systems, and supply electronic components. Batteries are typically manufactured using lead-acid technology.

Structure and Operating Principle

A battery consists of positive and negative plates, an electrolyte (a mixture of sulfuric acid and pure water), a case, terminals, and a cover. Chemical energy is converted into electrical energy through reactions occurring between the plates. This process is called discharge. The charging process reverses these reactions.

Types of Batteries

Flooded Type (Lead-Acid) Battery

The electrolyte is in liquid form and freely available. Periodic maintenance and topping up with pure water are required.

Maintenance-Free Battery

This is a sealed system. Electrolyte loss is minimized and no user intervention is needed.

Gel and AGM Batteries

The electrolyte is in gel form or absorbed in glass fiber mat. These are suitable for deep discharge and have a long service life.

Applications

Batteries are used not only in automobiles but also in motorcycles, tractors, buses, and generators. They also serve as energy storage units in UPS systems, solar energy panels, and recreational vehicles.

Maintenance and Safety Rules

• Terminals must be clean and securely connected.
• The electrolyte level in flooded batteries must be checked regularly.
• Charging must be performed according to manufacturer specifications.
• Batteries must be kept away from flames and sparks.
• Personal protective equipment such as gloves and goggles must be used.