Battery Management Systems (BMS)

Battery Battery Management Systems (BMS) are integrated control infrastructures developed to ensure safety, efficiency, and life optimization in multicell battery configurations. These systems play a critical role in numerous applications including electric vehicles (HOUSE), energy storage systems (ESS), industrial power applications, and portable electronic devices like. The performance of these systems largely depends on the characteristic properties of the monitored cells; accordingly, the control algorithms developed in this thesis are configured on an Aspilsan INR18650A28 model lithium-ion cell, taking into account parameters that directly affect system efficiency. cell

Voltage, Current, and Temperature Measurement Methods: Theoretical Basis, Methodological Approach, and Implementation Criteria

Voltage Measurement

Why Measure Voltage?

Cell voltage is a direct parameter that provides information on the battery’s state of charge (State of Charge – SOC), state of health (State of Health – SOH), and overall performance. It is also critical for identifying cell-to-cell imbalances and preventing overcharge or overdischarge risks.

How Is It Measured?

Voltage measurement is typically performed using multichannel analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) connected to the cell terminals. These integrated circuits periodically sample cell voltages and convert them into digital signals for transmission to microcontrollers.

Commonly Used Integrated Circuits

• Texas Instruments BQ769x0 Series: Monitors 3 to 15 cells; supports integrated temperature sensor inputs and current measurement.
• Analog Devices LTC6811/LTC6804 Series: High-precision multicell voltage monitoring ICs.
• Maxim Integrated MAX178xx Series: Provides ISO26262-compliant integrated solutions.

Voltage Measurement Formula and Explanation

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