Midyat İnciri

Midyat fig is a local fig variety unique to the Midyat district of Mardin Province in Türkiye, registered with its place of origin name. Grown under arid climatic conditions without irrigation, this fig is smaller in size compared to similar varieties. Its fruit weighs between 33.55 and 54.82 grams and contains a high soluble solid content ranging from 20.1% to 25.1%. Midyat fig exhibits normal levels of surface cracking and ease of skin peeling and is also known locally as “tin”.

Physical and Chemical Properties

The Midyat fig is distinguished by specific morphological and chemical characteristics:

• Fruit weight: 33.55–54.82 g
• Fruit width: 43.12–73.22 mm
• Fruit length: 39–72 mm
• Neck length: 10.1–15.0 mm
• Titratable acidity: 0.14–0.24%
• Total soluble solids content: 20.1–25.1%
• Ease of skin peeling and surface cracking: Normal level

These values ensure the Midyat fig can be clearly defined both sensorially and commercially.

Production Method

Seedling Acquisition and Planting

In Midyat fig cultivation, rooted seedlings sprouting from existing trees are generally preferred. These seedlings should be one to two years old healthy and well-developed. Seedling pits are typically dug to a depth and width of 50 cm, and filled with high-quality soil mixed with well-decomposed animal manure to support seedling growth. Seedlings are planted between the winter dormancy period and spring; after planting, an irrigation basin is constructed and water is applied. The training process is carried out in eight shapes to support seedling development. Pruning at the crown height is performed to facilitate both harvesting and maintenance activities.

Alternatively, propagation by cuttings is also possible. In this method, healthy shoots measuring 40–50 cm in length are planted two per pit, with two to three buds remaining above the soil surface. This procedure is carried out in spring before the onset of irrigation.

Cultural Practices

Soil cultivation is performed three times annually: twice in spring and once in autumn. Pruning is carried out in three stages:

1. In young trees: To establish the canopy and scaffold structure,
2. To increase yield: By removing broken or overlapping branches to maintain shape,
3. In older trees: To rejuvenate the tree by cutting away sunburned, drooping, or dead branches.

No irrigation is applied; the plant meets its water requirements naturally.

Harvesting Process

The harvesting period extends from the end of July to the end of September. For the domestic market, fruits are harvested at full ripeness; for export, they are harvested before full ripening and softening. Harvesting is done manually, with fruits carefully plucked by hand to avoid crushing. Plucked fruits are placed in shallow containers to prevent damage.

Monitoring

Monitoring of the Midyat fig production process and the use of its geographical indication name is conducted by a three-member commission established under the coordination of Midyat Municipality. The commission includes one representative each from Midyat Municipality, Midyat District Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry, and Midyat Chamber of Agriculture with expertise in the subject. Monitoring is carried out at least once annually and may be conducted at any time upon complaint or need. The commission examines production methods, physical quality parameters, and compliance with the geographical indication name and emblem during labeling and packaging. Expert support from public or private sector institutions may be obtained as needed. Legal procedures are carried out by Midyat Municipality, the registering authority.