Multimeter

A multimeter is an electronic tool that allows us to measure the values of electronic components and access information about specific parameters. Multimeters typically enable us to measure current, tension, resistance and like quantities. Today, there are two types of multimeters: analog and Digital. Newer generations are produced primarily in digital form. Due to advances in technology and evolving needs, multimeters have gained the ability to measure additional parameters beyond the standard ones of current, voltage, and resistance, such as capacitance, temperature, frequency, and buzzer signals.

Types of Multimeters

• Analog Multimeter: Displays measurement values using a needle and scale. It is an older technology and has disadvantages in tracking instantaneous values. It has low accuracy.

• Digital Multimeter: Displays measurement values via a numeric screen. It has higher accuracy compared to analog multimeters. Today, digital multimeters are the most commonly used.

Digital Multimeter (Source:

Analog Multimeter (Source: )

Basic Quantities

When using a multimeter, three fundamental quantities are measured.

• Voltage (Volt): The potential difference between two points in an electrical circuit. Its unit is the volt, denoted by the letter V. There are essentially two types of voltage: alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC). To measure voltage, the multimeter is connected in parallel to the circuit.

• Current (Ampere): The amount of charge passing through a specific point in a circuit. It is the intensity of electric flow. Its unit is the ampere, denoted by the letter A. To measure current, the multimeter is connected in series with the circuit.

• Resistance (Ohm): The opposition offered by an electrical circuit to the flow of current. Its unit is the ohm, denoted by the symbol Ω. Since resistance has no direction, the orientation of the multimeter probes is irrelevant.

Using a Multimeter

1. Select the Quantity to Measure: Use the rotary switch on the multimeter to select the parameter you wish to measure.
2. Connecting the Probes: Multimeters typically have three terminals: COM (common), and two others for current, voltage, resistance, and diode measurements. The black probe is always connected to the COM port. The red probe is connected to either the A or V port depending on the measurement being taken. Based on the quantity being measured, connect the multimeter in series or parallel as described under the basic quantities section.
3. Read the Measurement: After connecting the probes, read the value displayed on the multimeter to obtain the required information.

Aside from being an essential tool for professional use, the multimeter is also important for diagnosing and repairing common electronic problems in daily life using basic knowledge. To work safely with electronics, the use of a multimeter is necessary. In conclusion, the multimeter is a powerful and versatile tool that helps us understand the world of electronics.