This article was automatically translated from the original Turkish version.
The increasing complexity of software systems in today’s world has brought with it expectations for high quality, security, and user satisfaction. To meet these expectations, testing activities hold significant importance in the discipline of software engineering. Software testing is a systematic process used to verify whether developed systems operate correctly, reliably, and in accordance with requirements. The testing process reveals not only whether the code functions as intended but also how well the software aligns with user expectations.
Software testing encompasses validation and verification activities aimed at evaluating the extent to which a software product meets its functional and non-functional requirements. Its primary purpose is to identify potential defects, ensure system reliability, and enhance software quality. By detecting errors at an early stage, the testing process contributes to reduced development costs and increased user satisfaction.
Software testing is applied at different levels and in various types. Test types are generally divided into functional and non-functional tests (such as performance, security, and usability). The test levels are as follows:
Testing activities can be carried out manually or automatically. Manual testing involves test specialists executing scenarios by hand to identify defects. It is effective in situations requiring visual feedback, such as user interface testing.
On the other hand, automated testing enables tests to be executed repeatedly using tools and scripts. In large projects, automation plays a critical role alongside continuous integration (CI/CD) systems. For automation to be preferred, test scenarios must be repeatable and predictable.
The testing process involves numerous challenges, including comprehensive documentation, scheduling, cost, test environment preparation, and defect tracking. Improper or inadequate use of automation tools can reduce testing efficiency. Additionally, if requirements are unclear, the test scope may be too narrow, causing some defects to go unnoticed.
Software testing engineering is evolving alongside technological advancements. In particular, AI-assisted testing systems, risk-based testing grounded in big data analysis, and the concept of continuous testing are reshaping testing processes. Software testing engineering is expected to assume not only a technical but also a strategic role.
Software testing is not merely a control mechanism; it is a critical process that ensures the reliability, performance, and value delivered to users. Manual testing offers advantages in detailed analysis and intuitive defect detection, while automated testing provides speed and broad coverage. The choice of testing method must be determined based on the nature of the project and its requirements. The success of the software testing process is a fundamental factor that directly influences the quality of the final product.