The sphenoid bone is a bone that holds an important place in the skull and draws attention with its complex structure. The sphenoid bone, which articulates with the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital bones in the middle of the skull, is located in the transition area between the brain and the eyes. In human anatomy, this bone, which can be described as a " butterfly shape", increases the strength of the head by providing the structural integrity of the skull and provides important support for the internal structures.

Structural Features

The sphenoid bone derives its name from the Greek and is defined as "butterfly" or "puzzle". This bone consists of two main wings (the greater wing and the lesser wing) and a central section. The most important feature of the sphenoid bone's structure is that it allows the wings on both sides to connect with different skull bones. This bone is also an important anatomical structure that provides a connection between the brain and other cranial structures .

Sphenoid Bone Sections

1. Greater Wings : The wider part of the sphenoid bone. These parts articulate with the parietal and temporal bones.
2. Lesser Wings : These narrower and thinner wings extend towards the upper part of the orbit and are connected to the eye socket.
3. Sella Turcica : In the sphenoid bone, there is a special area that houses the pituitary gland. This area is called "sella turcica". The pituitary gland is located here and this bone protects this organ.

Functions

The sphenoid bone supports the structural integrity of the skull, protects various parts of the brain, and also forms the passageways of nerves and blood vessels. The functions of the sphenoid bone include providing a structure that increases the flexibility of the head and protecting the brain tissue from environmental influences. It also serves as an important channel through which the eye muscles, nerves, and blood vessels pass.

• Brain Protection : The sphenoid bone provides important support between the brain and the other parts of the skull.
• Visual System Support : The sphenoid bone contains the passageways of the eyes and eye muscles, thus helping in the proper functioning of vision.
• Nerve and Vessel Passage : The sphenoid bone provides important passageways for nerves and vessels within the head.