World Romani Language Day

World Romani Language Day is an international observance proclaimed by UNESCO in 2015 and celebrated annually on 5 November. The purpose of the day is to promote the preservation and development of the Romani language and culture, enhance the social and cultural well-being of the Romani people, and emphasize the importance of all languages. UNESCO views linguistic diversity as a source of social strength and cultural heritage, and seeks to foster intercultural dialogue and cultural convergence through the protection and study of the Romani language.

World Romani Language Day was proclaimed during the 38th session of the UNESCO General Conference (3–18 November 2015) under Article 4.18. The resolution highlights the role of the Romani language in the preservation of human civilization and culture, as well as the significance of linguistic pluralism. The Conference underlines UNESCO’s role in promoting multicultural values by supporting the education, language, and culture of the Romani people. The resolution notes that the international celebration of World Romani Language Day conveys the message that the Romani language represents a rich linguistic and cultural heritage. Member states are also encouraged to provide extrabudgetary funding to promote and observe the day.^【1】

The Romani language consists of approximately 30,000 to 33,000 words and has 17 distinct dialects. Speakers of these dialects can generally understand one another. The language has been influenced by various languages including Sanskrit, Hindi, Persian, Armenian, and Greek. Over history, Romani has been shaped by migration and cultural change. Efforts are ongoing to modernize and standardize the language, but this process remains incomplete.

According to UNESCO Director-General Audrey Azoulay, language is not merely a tool of communication; it is also a repository of knowledge and symbols, a way of perceiving and expressing the world, and a marker of shared identity. The Romani language is recognized as a heritage that carries the experiences, culture, identity, and accumulated knowledge of a community. Preserving the Romani language is essential to ensure that children can receive education in their mother tongue and that cultural knowledge is transmitted to future generations.^【2】

By proclaiming World Romani Language Day, UNESCO aims to continue supporting the development and study of the Romani language in its member states. The day highlights the Romani language and culture while emphasizing the importance of linguistic diversity and diverse perspectives. UNESCO also seeks to combat discrimination and prejudice against the Romani people, support their fundamental rights, and promote their social inclusion. The UNESCO-Madanjeet Singh Prize rewards individuals and institutions that contribute to the cause of tolerance and non-violence.