Balıkesir Aba Weaving

Balıkesir Aba Weaving is a traditional textile art unique to Balıkesir Province in Türkiye and an integral part of its cultural heritage. It has been officially registered as a geographical indication under Law No. 6769 on Industrial Property. The application for this registration was submitted by the Balıkesir Metropolitan Municipality on 15 March 2023 and was formally recorded on 29 September 2023.

Production Process

Balıkesir Aba Weaving is a textile product made from yarn spun from sheep’s wool. The production process follows traditional methods and is carried out entirely within the boundaries of Balıkesir Province.

Raw Material Preparation

• Sheep’s wool is first washed and cleaned. The cleaned wool is then combed to prepare it for spinning into yarn.
• The combed wool is placed on a spinning frame for the spinning process. The spun yarn is left to rest for a period to prepare it for weaving.

Weaving Process

• The yarn is woven on traditional looms. The weaving process is performed using needle-like hammers that move forward and backward. This motion ensures the yarns interlock tightly, giving the fabric a durable structure.
• During weaving, a tool called “otu” is used to achieve a smooth surface on the fabric. The otu is designed to remove wrinkles from the woven and sewn fabric.
• The measurements of the yarn prepared for the loom are taken using a “cetvel” or “mezura.” These measurements are essential to maintain the fabric’s uniformity and standard quality.

Sewing and Final Treatments

• The woven fabric is sewn into various products such as sacks, cotton bags, burlap, or yemeni. Sewing is done by hand or using traditional methods and is shaped according to the intended use of the fabric.
• After sewing, the final finish of the fabric is completed through a process called “dikka malmara.” This process ensures the fabric attains a smooth appearance and becomes ready for use.

Applications

Due to its durability and natural structure, Balıkesir Aba Weaving has a variety of applications. Traditionally, it is used in the production of sacks, burlap, yemeni, and cotton goods. These products play an important role in both daily life and cultural activities. The fabric’s robust structure makes it particularly preferred for making sacks in agriculture and transportation. Additionally, as a material for garments such as yemeni, it stands out for its aesthetic and functional qualities.

Cultural and Geographical Significance

Balıkesir Aba Weaving is more than just a textile product; it is an essential component of Balıkesir’s cultural fabric. This weaving art, with its long history, reflects the region’s traditional way of life and mastery in handcrafts. The geographical indication registration officially recognizes and protects the product’s deep connection to Balıkesir. This registration guarantees the uniqueness and quality of all aba weavings produced within the boundaries of Balıkesir Province.