Simmental cattle are a dual-purpose breed originating from Switzerland and are widely raised across the world. Due to their high milk and meat yield, resistance to diseases, and adaptability to various environmental conditions, they are also preferred by livestock farmers in Türkiye.

_{Simmental Cattle (Pexels)}

Genetic Characteristics

The genetic structure of Simmental cattle plays a significant role in determining productive traits such as milk and meat yield. The POU1F1 (Pit-1) gene has been associated with milk production and growth characteristics. Studies on POU1F1-HinfI gene polymorphisms in Simmental cattle suggest that this gene is not directly related to milk yield but may be associated with growth and reproductive traits.

Additionally, the CAST (Calpastatin) gene is linked to meat quality and growth performance. Research on CAST/MspI gene polymorphism in Simmental cattle revealed a monomorphic pattern, indicating that all individuals shared the same genotype.

Physiological Characteristics

Simmental cows are known for their high milk yield and quality meat. Evaluations of lactation duration, milk yield, and milk fat content indicate that the breed delivers a balanced performance in terms of milk production.

Various synchronization protocols have been applied to improve reproductive performance in Simmental cows. Studies evaluating the impact of different synchronization methods on pregnancy rates have shown that certain protocols can enhance reproductive efficiency.

Adaptation to Environmental Conditions

Adaptation to environmental stressors, such as heat stress, is crucial for Simmental cattle. Studies investigating the impact of heat stress on dairy cows emphasize that appropriate shelter design can significantly improve animal welfare. Simmental cows can achieve high productivity when optimal environmental conditions are provided. Therefore, proper housing and environmental management play a vital role in the successful breeding of this breed.

Breeding in Türkiye

The breeding of Simmental cattle has significantly increased in Türkiye in recent years. These animals are favored due to their high milk and meat yield, disease resistance, and adaptability.

However, the performance of Simmental cattle in Türkiye has not yet reached the levels observed in European countries. This discrepancy may result from factors such as rearing conditions, nutrition, and genetics.

Simmental cattle are preferred in Türkiye for their genetic structure, physiological features, and adaptability. However, to improve their productivity, advancements in genetic selection, feeding practices, and husbandry conditions are necessary. Research and development in these areas will enhance the productivity and sustainability of Simmental cattle in Türkiye.