The St. Nicholas Monument Museum is located in the Demre district of Antalya province, Türkiye, and is known as the burial church of St. Nicholas, a significant figure in Christian history. This structure bears traces of various architectural periods throughout history and holds importance both religiously and culturally as a museum.

History

St. Nicholas was a clergyman who lived between the late 3rd century and the first half of the 4th century AD. He served as a bishop in Myra (present-day Demre) in Lycia and gained fame especially for his generosity toward the poor. After his death, a church was built in his name in the mid-4th century AD. Despite suffering damage from earthquakes, invasions, and destruction over time, the original structure was repaired and managed to survive.

The existing building largely dates back to the Byzantine Period and underwent significant changes between the 8th and 11th centuries. In 1862, a comprehensive restoration was carried out with the support of Russian Tsar Nicholas I, adding some new sections to the structure. In 1988, it was converted into a museum through efforts led by the Ministry of Culture.

^{St. Nicholas Church (Anadolu Agency)}

Architectural Features

The St. Nicholas Monument Museum has a basilica plan. The main space consists of three naves, with the central nave being wider and higher than the others. Inside the building, frescoes, column capitals, and mosaics exhibit examples of early Christian and Byzantine art. Especially in the apse area, frescoes depict scenes from the life of St. Nicholas.

Within the structure is also the burial place of St. Nicholas. However, these sacred relics were taken to Bari, Italy, by Italian sailors in 1087. Nevertheless, the original tomb site and the building itself continue to serve as a pilgrimage center for Christians.

^{St. Nicholas Church (Anadolu Agency)}

Cultural and Religious Significance

St. Nicholas is canonized as a saint by both Catholic and Orthodox Christians. In the Western world, he is regarded as the historical basis for the figure of “Santa Claus” and “Father Christmas.” Therefore, the museum is not only an architectural or historical monument but also a place where a universal cultural symbol is embodied.

Every year on December 6th, St. Nicholas Commemoration Ceremonies attract many local and international visitors. The church is also listed on the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List, with ongoing international protection and promotion efforts.

Visiting and Museum Status

Currently operating under the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the St. Nicholas Monument Museum is managed under the Demre Museum Directorate. The site attracts a high number of visitors due to its archaeological and religious significance. The museum is recognized as an important pilgrimage site, particularly for Orthodox Christians.