Wave energy is a type of renewable energy obtained from the kinetic and potential energy of waves occurring on the sea surface. This form of energy arises from the periodic movements created by winds in the atmosphere over the ocean and the sea surface. Wave energy is particularly suitable for energy production through the regular rhythm of moving water masses, especially concentrated in coastal areas.
Physical Mechanism
The formation of waves fundamentally begins with the frictional effect of wind on the water surface. The resulting wave motion has both up-and-down and back-and-forth components. During these movements, water particles move in circular orbits. The conversion of this mechanical motion into electrical energy is possible through systems such as turbines, pistons, oscillating arms, or similar devices. The systems used during energy conversion generally rely on the principles of potential energy (wave height) or kinetic energy (wave speed).
Technological Applications
Systems that convert wave energy into usable electrical energy can generally be categorized under three main headings:
- Oscillating Water Column (OWC): In this system, changes in water level created by waves compress a closed air column, rotating a turbine.
- Surface Oscillating Devices: Modules placed on the sea surface and operating perpendicular to wave motion oscillate with the wave movement, transferring mechanical energy to turbines.
- Point Absorber Devices: These devices operate with vertical movements around a single point of reference. They are generally buoy-like in structure and utilize changes in water level.
Technological Applications in Wave Energy (Created by Artificial Intelligence)
Potential and Advantages
Wave energy has a more predictable and stable energy production potential compared to other renewable energy sources. Especially in terms of energy density, it can reach higher values compared to wind and solar energy. It also offers significant advantages for local energy production in densely populated coastal areas.
Challenges and Limitations
Although wave energy theoretically offers great potential, there are some technological and economic limitations. These limitations include high installation costs, the corrosive effects of the marine environment on devices, and environmental impact assessments. Additionally, careful planning is required regarding the impacts on marine transportation, fishing, and ecosystems.
Wave Energy Studies in Türkiye
Despite being a country surrounded by seas on three sides, Türkiye has limited pilot applications in wave energy. Particularly, the Black Sea and Aegean coasts are subject to research for their wave energy potential. Through TÜBİTAK-supported projects, university research, and various private sector initiatives, the technical knowledge in this field is increasing.
