Claw-Lock Operation

Operation Claw-Lock is a cross-border military operation conducted by the Turkish Armed Forces (TAF) against PKK/KCK terrorist organization elements in northern Iraq. The operation was launched simultaneously in the Metina, Zap, and Avaşin-Basyan regions of northern Iraq on 17 April 2022, within the framework of Türkiye’s “eliminate terrorism at its source” strategy.^【1】

Background and Strategic Concept

The Claw series of operations conducted by the TAF in northern Iraq began on 27 May 2019 with Operation Claw-1, which targeted the Hakurk region. This was followed by expansions through Operation Claw-2 and Operation Claw-3. Subsequent operations included Claw-Tiger (2020), Claw-Lightning, and Claw-Thunder (2021).

Operation Claw-Lock continues this series of operations with the objective of securing a 300-kilometer stretch along Türkiye’s northern border with Iraq and eliminating the presence of the PKK in areas it designates as its “Media Defense Areas.” Within this framework, the Zap, Metina, and Avaşin-Basyan regions were prioritized as primary operational targets.

Objectives

The primary objectives of Operation Claw-Lock are as follows:

• Ensure the security of Türkiye’s borders from a forward position,
• Destroy the PKK/KCK terrorist organization’s staging areas in northern Iraq,
• Close the infiltration routes used by the organization to enter Türkiye,
• Eradicate its command, control, and training capabilities,
• Establish permanent secure zones up to 15 to 30 kilometers deep along the border.

Execution

Operation Claw-Lock commenced with intensive aerial bombardment by air forces, followed by a multi-domain operation as ground forces entered the area. During the operation, caves, shelters, weapons, and ammunition depots were identified and rendered inoperable, and direct contact was established with PKK/KCK elements.

Despite challenging terrain and climatic conditions, the Turkish Armed Forces established forward operating bases to enhance their permanent presence in the region. These bases were strategically positioned to control critical geographical chokepoints, particularly around the Zap Valley.

Outcomes

According to official statements by the TAF, Operation Claw-Lock resulted in:

• The neutralization of numerous terrorist organization members,
• The destruction of multiple caves, shelters, weapons, and ammunition depots belonging to the organization,
• The neutralization of landmines and improvised explosive devices.

In addition, leadership decapitation operations conducted by the National Intelligence Organization (MİT) weakened the organization’s command and communication networks.

Regional Implications

The operation was carried out in coordination with the Government of Iraq and the Iraqi Kurdistan Regional Government (IKRG). The TAF’s establishment of long-term permanent bases in the region has significantly restricted the terrorist organization’s maneuver space and reduced the cross-border terrorist threat. The losses suffered by the PKK in its “Media Defense Areas” have severely limited its ability to transit along the Iraq-Syria-Türkiye corridor.

Threats and Responses to the Operation

During the operation, the PKK launched attacks against TAF forward operating bases. Some of these attacks exploited adverse weather conditions and the use of populated areas as cover. In response, the TAF conducted “punitive operations” targeting the organization’s infrastructure and leadership assets.

In some attacks, it was determined that neutralized PKK members were using U.S.-origin weapon systems, thermal and infrared detection equipment, and advanced camouflage materials. A significant portion of these weapons is assessed to have been supplied to the YPG in Syria. The personnel and information exchange between the PKK and YPG is cited as the source of this weaponry and equipment.^【2】

International Law and Legitimacy

Türkiye conducts Operation Claw-Lock within the framework of the right to self-defense as defined in Article 51 of the United Nations Charter. The TAF’s activities in northern Iraq aim to safeguard Türkiye’s border security, eliminate terrorist threats against civilians, and protect national security.