Engüzek Castle

Engüzek Kalesi is a fortress located within the boundaries of Dikyar Village, in the Uzundere district of Erzurum, approximately 3 km from the Uzundere district center and situated along the Uzundere–Tortum road. The structure is built on a steep and high rocky outcrop rising in a bulge-like form from the banks of the Tortum Çayı. It exhibits a small-scale and typical kale architectural style and has been largely preserved to the present day^【1】. Although no definitive historical information about the fortress exists, it is generally believed to have been constructed by Turkish beys who ruled the region in the form of lordships during the medieval period^【2】. No historical inscription or document indicating a precise construction date has been found within the fortress.

Location and Physical Characteristics

Engüzek Kalesi was constructed on a steep rock formation rising from the banks of the Tortum Çayı. This location provided the fortress with natural defensive advantages and a commanding view of the surrounding area. The fortress is situated near the Uzundere district and lies within the boundaries of Dikyar Village. The height and steepness of the rocky terrain on which the structure stands are considered key elements enhancing its defensive character.

Engüzek Kalesi (Erzurum Valiliği)

Architectural Structure

Parts of the inner walls of the fortress have survived to the present day. The small entrance is located on the eastern side, while the main entrance faces south. The concentration of towers, particularly on the southern section, suggests that historical attacks may have primarily come from this direction. The fortress contains observation slits used for monitoring enemies and strategic doorways. Additionally, on top of the high towers, there are balcony-like sections with openings designed for dropping stones or pouring fire as part of its defensive system.

At the base of the fortress, remnants of dwellings buried beneath the soil are occasionally visible. Outside the fortress, near the riverbank in a ruined state, there is a single-room bathhouse structure. It is also stated that within the fortress there are various architectural elements including a temple, an observation tower, a furnace, high towers, inner curtain walls, and hidden water channels descending to the Tortum Çayı. The fortress is also noted for its winding streets^【3】.

Engüzek Kalesi (Erzurum Valiliği)

Theories Regarding Its Construction

There is no definitive information regarding the construction date of Engüzek Kalesi. However, various legends exist concerning its origins. One account claims it was built by the Genoese, another attributes its construction to the Byzantines. A third view suggests it was likely constructed by Turkish beys who ruled the region as local lords during the medieval period. The absence of any historical inscription on the structure makes it difficult to determine a precise date of construction^【4】.