SOM - Family of Medium-Range Munitions Launched from Surface

SOM (Stand-Off Munition) is a family of cruise missiles designed to neutralize targets with high precision without entering the range of air defense systems. Launched from aircraft, these missiles have a range of up to 250 km. Developed by TÜBİTAK SAGE and produced by ROKETSAN, this munition offers effective strike capability against both fixed land targets and mobile surface targets. SOM is among the most effective munitions proven by the Turkish Air Force in operational use and belongs to the class of smart munitions. Equipped with a domestically developed turbojet engine, it has successfully hit targets with complete accuracy during tests using the indigenous engine.

The missile, with a range of approximately 250 kilometers, delivers high destructive power against armored and hardened targets through its particle-effect warhead and various warhead variants available in different configurations. SOM draws attention with its low radar signature and autonomous operation capabilities, while also featuring advanced functions such as mission abort, re-attack, and target update. Integrated into F-4 and F-16 fighter aircraft, a variant adapted for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), F-35, and KAAN platforms, known as SOM-J, is also available.

SOM Munition (TÜBİTAK SAGE)

System Features

• Autonomous mission execution
• High precision with infrared imaging seeker (IIR)
• Global Positioning System (GPS), Inertial Navigation System (INS), and Terrain Reference Navigation System (TRNS)
• Engagement of opportunity targets and selectable impact parameters
• Low observability and high endurance
• Three-dimensional mission planning
• Time on Target (ToT), Distributed Time on Target (DToT), Simultaneous Time on Target (SToT), and Salvo firing
• In-flight mission control via data link (re-attack, target update, mission abort)
• Multi-platform engagement against both land and surface targets

F-16 Fighter Aircraft and SOM Munition (TÜBİTAK SAGE)

SOM Variants

SOM-A

The first variant of the SOM family. It is designed for use against soft targets with a high-explosive, blast and fragmentation warhead.

• Weight: 620 kg (~1,350 lb)
• Guidance Modes: Global Positioning System (GPS), Inertial Navigation System (INS), Terrain Reference Navigation System (TRNS)

SOM-B1

Similar target structure to SOM-A but enhanced with an infrared imaging seeker and automatic target recognition features.

• Weight: 620 kg (~1,350 lb)
• Guidance Modes: Global Positioning System (GPS), Inertial Navigation System (INS), Terrain Reference Navigation System (TRNS), Image Reference Navigation System (IRNS), Automatic Target Recognition (ATR)
• Infrared Imaging (IRI) seeker

SOM-B2

Developed for hardened concrete targets. Features a tandem penetrator warhead.

• Weight: 660 kg (~1,450 lb)
• Guidance Modes: Global Positioning System (GPS), Inertial Navigation System (INS), Terrain Reference Navigation System (TRNS), Image Reference Navigation System (IRNS), Automatic Target Recognition (ATR)
• Infrared Imaging (IRI) seeker
• Tandem Penetrator Warhead (pre-fragmenting + main penetrator)

SOM-C1

An upgraded version of SOM-B1, distinguished by its data link capability and anti-surface target engagement.

• Weight: 620 kg (~1,350 lb)
• Guidance Modes: Global Positioning System (GPS), Inertial Navigation System (INS), Terrain Reference Navigation System (TRNS), Image Reference Navigation System (IRNS), Automatic Target Recognition (ATR)
• Infrared Imaging (IRI) seeker
• Data link capability
• Anti-surface target engagement capability

SOM-C2

Developed from SOM-B2 with the addition of a data link. Effective against both land and surface targets.

• Weight: 620 kg (~1,350 lb)
• Guidance Modes: Global Positioning System (GPS), Inertial Navigation System (INS), Terrain Reference Navigation System (TRNS), Image Reference Navigation System (IRNS), Automatic Target Recognition (ATR)
• Infrared Imaging (IRI) seeker
• Tandem Penetrator Warhead (pre-fragmenting + main penetrator)
• Data link capability
• Anti-surface target engagement capability

SOM Munition (

Development and Integration Efforts

Development activities for new variants of the SOM munition family continue, particularly focusing on integration with next-generation air platforms such as KAAN and Kızılelma. Additionally, efforts are underway to indigenously develop subsystems used in the missile and to ensure seamless system integration across diverse platforms. SOM stands out as a strategic munition developed in alignment with Türkiye’s goal of technological independence in its defense industry.