This article was automatically translated from the original Turkish version.

Ancient City of Simena

Travel And Tourism

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Location

KaleköyDemreAntalya

Civilization

Lycia

Transportation

There is no road access; transportation is available only by sea

Conservation status

Archaeological site

Simena is an ancient Lycian settlement located within the boundaries of the Kaş district in Antalya Province, opposite Kekova Island, known today as Kaleköy. This coastal town, situated on a peninsula, is one of the rare historical sites accessible only by sea.

History

The history of the ancient city of Simena extends back to the 4th century BCE. Its name first appears in ancient sources in the 1st century CE, mentioned by the naturalist Pliny. Based on inscriptions written in the Lycian alphabet found in the region and coins discovered in the neighboring city of Aperlai, Simena is identified as a settlement linked to Aperlai within the Lycian League. During the Roman period, it retained its identity as a small independent town.

Architectural Remains

The most prominent structure in the city is a medieval castle built on the highest point of the peninsula. Constructed for defensive purposes, it takes advantage of the surrounding natural topography. Inside the castle is a small rock-cut theater capable of accommodating approximately 300 people, one of the smallest known examples in the Lycian region. Within and around the castle remain water cisterns, religious structure ruins, tomb monuments, and house-type tombs with stone carving. Particularly significant is a rock tomb bearing an inscription in the Lycian language, underscoring the region’s epigraphic importance.

Underwater Remains

Due to earthquakes throughout history, parts of the site have sunk below sea level. Today, some submerged structural remains along the coastline can be observed, including Lycian-style sarcophagi, stone steps descending into the sea, and harbor structures. An inscription on the seashore stating, “Dedicated to Emperor Titus by the people and council of Aperlai and other cities of the League,” reflects the region’s status during the Roman period.

Access and Protection Status

Access to Simena is possible only by sea. The most common routes are boat trips departing from the piers of Üçağız and Çayağzı. The settlement lies within the boundaries of the Kekova Special Environmental Protection Area, declared in 1990. This status aims to preserve the region’s natural, archaeological, and cultural heritage.